Sr. No.

Recommendations

1

Efficacy of different biocontrol agents against onion thrips, Thrips tabaci L. (2024)

Foliar spray of either Metarhizium anisopliae AAU Ma1-1% WP (50 g/10 lit. of water) or Azadirachtin 10000 ppm (20 ml/10 lit. of water) for three times at ten days interval with the initiation of pest found effective for the management of thrips, Thrips tabaci infesting onion crop.

2

Development of low-cost production medium of biopesticide Metarhizium anisopliae, using spent larval medium of Corcyra cephalonica (2024)

The use of sorghum grains 100 g (33.3 %) with spent larval medium 200 g (66.7 %) of Corcyra cephalonica found effective medium for the production of Metarhizium anisopliae AAUBC Ma1 with highest spore yield.

The formulation M. anisopliae AAUBC Ma1 - 1% WP (1x10⁹ cfu/g)  prepared from the above growth medium, applied once on tree trunk during the month of November @ 40 or 50 g/10 lit. of water and three sprays on foliage at ten days interval with the initiation of pest found effective against hoppers infesting mango.

3

Bio-efficacy of different bioagents against early blight of potato (2024)

The application of Trichoderma harzianum (AAUBC Th1, 2x10⁶ cfu/g) -1% WP and Pseudomonas fluorescens (NBAIR PfDWD, 2x10⁸ cfu/g)-1% WP through any of the following methods is effective for the management of early blight disease of potato.

1. Soil application of vermicompost enriched with bioagents (1.25 kg of each bioagent/250 kg vermicompost/ha) before planting, seed treatment (5 g of each bioagent/kg tuber) for 30 min. just before planting and two foliar sprays (2.5 g of each bioagent/litre of water), first spray starting with the appearance of the disease and second at 10 days after first spray.
2. Soil application of vermicompost enriched with bioagent (2.5 kg of Pseudomonas fluorescens/250 kg vermicompost/ha) before planting, seed treatment (10 g of P. fluorescens/kg tuber) for 30 min. just before planting and two foliar sprays (5 g of P. fluorescens/litre of water), first spray starting with the appearance of the disease and second at 10 days after first spray.

Note:

• For the preparation of vermicompost enriched with bioagents, mix the bioagents with vermicompost and keep for 10 days under shade
• For seed treatment, mix the bioagents with equal quantity of plain talc powder for uniform treatment of tubers

4

Evaluation of different modules against invasive thrips, Thrips parvispinus (Karny) in chilli (2024)

The farmers of Gujarat are recommended to adopt following module for effective management of Thrips parvispinus in chilli

• Root dipping of chilli seedlings with imidacloprid 17.8 SL 10 ml per 10 litre of water for two hours before transplanting
• Application of Neem cake @ 250 kg/ha at the time of transplanting and 30 days after transplanting
• Installation of blue sticky trap @ 75 per hectare at 30 DAT
• Spraying of spinetoram 11.7 SC, 0.0117%, 58.50 g a.i./ha, 10 ml/ 10 litre of water at initiation of pest
• Spraying of Metarhizium anisopliae1.15% WP (1 x 10⁸cfu/g) 50 g/ 10 litre of water after 10 days of first spray
• Spraying of broflanilide 300 G/L SC, 0.005%, 25.2, g a.i./ha, 1.68 ml/10 litre of water after 7 days of second spray
• Spraying of azadirachtin 10000 ppm 20 ml/ 10 litre of water after 10 days of third spray
• Spraying of tolfenpyrad 15 EC, 0.030% 150 g a.i./ha, 20 ml/ 10 litre of water at 7 days of fourth spray

5

Influence of habitat manipulation on incidence and severity of pest damage in cabbage (2023)

Farmers of Gujarat growing cabbage are recommended to grow cabbage with vegetable cowpea as intercrop (5:1 rows) and one row of fodder oats as border crop or cabbage with oats as border crop to manage the population of aphids and diamond back moth (DBM), which enhances the natural enemies (Coccinellids and Chrysoperla) of insect pests infesting cabbage.

6

Development of biointensive pest management (BIPM) module for the management of shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) in brinjal (2023)

The following components of bio-intensive pest management (BIPM) module found effective for the management of shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis infesting brinjal.

• Intercropping of brinjal with coriander (seed purpose) (2:1 rows)
• Clipping of damaged shoots
• Installation of pheromone trap for L. orbonalis @40/ha at 30 DATP (Change lure at 21 days interval)
• Three sprays of azadirachtin 10000 ppm (20 ml/10 litre water) at 30, 75, 105 DATP, two sprays of Bacillus thuringiensis AAU-Bt1 (2x10⁸ cfu/g) 1% WP (50 g/10 litre water) at 45, 90 DATP and one spray of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema carpocapsae 1% WP (80 g/10 litre water) at 60 DATP

7

Isolation, characterization and bioassay studies of Spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SfNPV) (2023)

The maximum number of NPV infected larvae of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda found during cob formation stage of maize. The native isolate of SfNPV found to possess tetrahedral to hexagonal shaped POBs. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was 5.1 x 10⁶ POBs/ml and there was no cross infectivity of native isolate of SfNPV against Spodoptera litura.

8

1. Bio-efficacy of different bioagents against early blight of tomato (2023)

The application of Trichoderma harzianum (AAUBC-Th1)-1% WP (min. 2 x 10⁶ cfu/g) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (NBAIR PfDWD)-1% WP (min. 2 x 10⁸ cfu/g) through any of the following methods found effective for the management of early blight disease of tomato.

1. Soil application of enriched vermicompost (1.25 kg of each formulation/250 kg vermicompost/ha) before transplanting, seedling root dip (5 g of each formulation/litre of water) for 30 min just before transplanting and two foliar sprays (2.5 g of each formulation/litre of water), first spray starting with the initiation of the disease and second at 10 days after first spray.
2. Soil application of enriched vermicompost (2.5 kg of P. fluorescens/250 kg vermicompost/ha) before transplanting, seedling root dip (10 g of P. fluorescens/litre of water) for 30 min just before transplanting and two foliar sprays (5 g of P. fluorescens/litre of water), first spray starting with the initiation of the disease and second at 10 days after first spray.

9

Biological suppression of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize (2022)

Three releases of Trichogramma pretiosum (50,000 eggs per ha) at weekly interval and spray of Bacillus thuringiensis NBAIR BtG4 1% WP @ 50 g/ 10 lit. of water for three times at ten days interval with the initiation of pest found effective for the management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in maize.

10

Evaluation of different bio-pesticides against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize (2021)

Application of Bacillus thuringiensis NBAIR strain – Bt G4 (1% WP - 2x10⁸ cfu/g) @ 50 g/10 litre water or Bacillus thuringiensis AAU strain -AAU Bt1 (1% WP - 2x10⁸ cfu/g) @ 50g/10 litre for three times at ten days interval with the initiation of the pest found effective for the management of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in maize

11

Management of shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella through biocontrol agents in okra (2020)

The spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki 1% WP @ 50 g/10 lit. water or NSKE 5% (500 g/10 litre water) at fifteen days interval for three times or six releases of Trichogramma chilonis @ 50,000/ha at weekly interval starting from the initiation of shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) is advised for the effective control of the pest in okra.

12

Microbial insecticides against sucking pests infesting Bt cotton (2017)

The spray of microbial insecticides Lecanicillium lecanii (2 x 10⁸ cfu/g -1% WP) or Beauveria bassiana (2 x 10⁸ cfu/g - 1% WP) @ 40 g /10 litre water at fortnightly interval for three times starting from initiation of sucking pests is advised for the effective biological control of sucking pests infesting Bt cotton.

13

Bio-intensive module for pod borer and wilt disease in chickpea (2013)

For the management of pod borer and wilt in chickpea, following Bio-Intensive Pest Management module can be adopted.

1. Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride (2 x 10⁶ cfu /g) @ 8 g /kg seed at the time of sowing against wilt disease.
2. Use of FYM @ 1 ton/ha enriched with T. viride (2 x 10⁶ cfu /g) (2 kg/ ton of FYM) for wilt disease.
3. Planting marigold (Tagetes erecta) on the borders of chickpea field as trap crop for Helicoverpa armigera.
4. Installation of pheromone traps @ 40 traps/ha at 15 days after sowing for trapping of H. armigera male moths.
5. Installation of “T” shaped bird perches @ 100 /ha at 15 days after germination.
6. Alternate spray of HaNPV @ 250 LE /ha and Neem Seed Kernel Extract @ 5% during vegetative stage, at flowering stage and at pod formation stage for the suppression of H. armigera.

14

Bio-Intensive Pest Management module for pests of okra (2013)

Below mentioned Bio Intensive Pest Management module is advised for the management of insect-pests of okra.

• Sowing of the crop during first week of May.
• Soil application of Paecilomyces lilacinus (2 x 10⁶ cfu /g) @ 25 kg /ha (Talc based formulation)
• Seed treatment with thiamethoxam 70 WS @ 2.8 g /kg seed (2 g a.i./kg seed).
• Installation of pheromone traps @ 60 /ha for mass trapping the moths each of Helicoverpa armigera and Earias vittella.
• Regular clipping of the shoots infested by spotted bollworm.
• Need based alternate spray of NSKE @ 5% (500 g/10 litre water), Bt (5 x 10⁷ spores /mg) @ 30 g/10 litre water and Beauveria bassiana (2x10⁸ cfu /g) @ 30 g /10 litre water.

15

Microbial insecticides against leaf defoliators infesting paddy (2012)

Spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis (5 x 10⁷ spores/mg) @ 1.0 kg/ha (20 g/ 10 litre water) or Beauveria bassiana (2 x 10⁶ cfu/g) @ 1.0 kg/ha (20 g/ 10 litre water) or Lecanicillium (Verticillium) lecanii (2 x 10⁶ cfu/g) @ 1.0 kg/ha (20 g/ 10 litre water) is advised at initiation of leaf folder damage in paddy.

16

8. Integrated Pest Management module for leaf folder in paddy (2012)

The paddy growers are advised to use resistant paddy cultivar (Gurjari), transplanting of paddy seedlings during first fortnight of July and application of NSKE 5% (500 g/ 10 litre water) to suppress the incidence of leaf folder and maintain the population of predatory spiders.

17

Management of sucking pests and shoot & fruit borer through organic insecticides in brinjal (2012)

Spraying of cow urine 20% fortified with leaf extract of either neem, custard apple, lantana or jatropha 10% (1 kg/10 litre water) for suppression of sucking pests (aphid, leaf hopper and whitefly) as well as shoot and fruit borer in organically cultivating brinjal.

18

Management of fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera through microbial insecticides in tomato (2012)

Spraying of HaNPV (1.0x10⁹ POB/ml) @ 250 ml/ha (5 ml/ 10 litre water) or Beauveria bassiana (1x 10⁸ cfu/g) @ 1.0 kg/ha (20 g/10 litre water) or Metarhizium anisopliae (1 x 10⁸ cfu/g) @ 1.0 kg/ha (20 g/10 litre water) at 85 days after transplanting suppress fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera infesting tomato.

19

Microbial insecticides against aphid and head borer in cabbage (2012)

Two sprays of Beauveria bassiana (2 x 10⁶ cfu/g) or Lecanicillium lecanii                          (2 x 10⁶ cfu/g) @ 30 g/10 litre water at the initiation of pest incidence for suppression of aphid and head borer (Helicoverpa armigera).

20

Cyst nematode management in pigeonpea (2011)

Application of talc-based mixture of Trichoderma harzianum (10⁸ spores / g) @ 5 kg/ha + Pochonia chlamydosporia (10⁸ spores/ g) @ 20 kg/ ha in furrows at the time of sowing for effective management of cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani in pigeonpea.

21

2. Habitat manipulation for natural enemies in Bt cotton (2010)

Raising of 10 per cent maize plants randomly or one row of cowpea in-between two rows of cotton is advised to reduce the population of jassid and whitefly and increase the population of biocontrol agents in Bt cotton.

22

Enhancement of natural enemies in Hybrid cotton (2008)

Adopt following measures to enhance the activity of natural enemies and thereby to suppress the incidence of insect pests in cotton Hybrid-10.

Interspersing of one row of Cassia occidentalis L. after every six rows of cotton and sowing of maize and planting of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) @ 10% of total population of cotton plants

OR

Interspersing of one row of Cassia occidentalis L. after every six rows of cotton, sowing of maize and planting of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.) @ 10% of total plant population of cotton plants and one release of Trichogramma chilonis @ 1.5 lakh/ha + Chrysoperla carnea @ 5000 larvae (2-3 days old)/ha, coinciding with the appearance of pests.

Note: Cassia occidentalis should be harvested before ripening of the pods.

23

Conservation of entomophage diversity in Hybrid cotton-10 (2004)

For the management of pest complex and to conserve entomophage diversity in cotton Hybrid-10, adopt the following IPM package.

1. Hand picking of different stages of pests and putting them in 60 mesh wire screen cages twice during peak incidence.
2. Interspersing of 10% maize plants with cotton crop, sowing of cotton and maize should be done simultaneously.
3. One release of Chrysoperla carnea @ 14,000 larvae (2-3 days old) synchronizing with the appearance of the pests.
4. Release of Trichogramma chilonis @ 1,50,000 per hectare per week (5 releases), first release should be synchronized with the appearance of the bollworms.

24

Management of sucking pests in Hybrid cotton (1994)

Sucking pests of cotton hybrid-6 can be economically (ICBR 1:4.07) and effectively managed and natural biological control agents are conserved by implementing following Integrated Pest Management module in middle Gujarat.

• Application of phorate 10 G 1 kg a.i./ha in soil at 7 days after germination.
• Planting of two rows of maize and sorghum on the periphery of cotton (These plants should be kept free from insecticides).
• Five releases of Trichogramma chilonis @ 2, 00,000/ha and Chrysoperla scelestes and 1,00,000/ha at weekly interval alternatively synchronizing with the appearance of bollworms.
• Spraying monocrotophos 0.04% only on the aphid infested plants which should be synchronized with the appearance of aphid.
• Need based spraying of triazophos 0.05% for sucking pests particularly aphid and whitefly.

25

Management of cotton bollworms through biocontrol agents (1988)

Cotton bollworms i.e. Earias vittella and Heliothis armigera can be satisfactorily controlled by supplementary release of Trichogramma chilonis and T. achaeae (Both @ 10,000/acre). Release of Chelonus blackburni @ 5000/acre, Chrysoperla carnea 100 adults per acre and Rogas aligarhensis 150 adults/acre at fortnightly interval and by spraying purified suspension of indigenous NPV of Heliothis armigera @ 10⁹ PIB/ml at 3 days interval. Since Spodoptera litura Fab. often infest cotton, spraying of purified suspension of NPV of S. litura in the evening immediately after the occurrence of the pest is recommended. 

26

Management of pod borer (H. armigera) through HaNPV in chickpea (1982)

Spraying crude suspension of an indigenous NPV of H. armigera @ 100 L.U. in 350-400 litres of water/acre/week effectively control the H. armigera infesting chickpea.

27

Management of fruit borer, H. armigera through HaNPV in tomato (1982)

Spraying crude suspension of an indigenous NPV of H. armigera @ 100 L.U. in 350-400 litres of water/acre/week effectively controls the H. armigera infesting tomato.