1

Gatton panic grass hay provided 1.64% DCP and 60.43% TDN on dry matter basis.

2.

Incorporation of Mango seed kernel @ 10% in broiler starter feed improves feed efficiency by 11.52% with 25.68 % more returns over feed cost.

3.

The farmers of Mehsana district are advised to be cautious while purchasing some private compound concentrate mixtures as these are low in protein and high in crude fiber and silica content. Similarly, maize bharda sold in local market is also found adulterated and poor in nutritive value.

4.

The lactating buffaloes of Satlasana, Becharaji and Kadi talukas yielding above 5 liters of milk per day were underfed for energy and that of Becharaji and Kadi for both, protein and energy. Hence, the farmers of Satlasana are advised to feed additional 1.25 kg and that of Kadi and Becharaji, 1.25 kg grain or grain byproduct with 0.5 kg oil cake.

5.

During summer, the protein intake of dry buffaloes was found short of the requirement in Satlasana, Becharaji  and Kadi talukas of Mehsana district. The farmers are advised to feed additional 1.0 kg compound concentrate mixture to bridge this gap.

6.

The farmers of Dediyapada taluka of Narmada district are advised to feed additional   1.0 kg compound concentrate mixture to the lactating buffaloes. The cow heifers and dry cows of Dang and buffalo heifers of Narmada district should be fed additional 250 g oil cake or 500 g compound concentrate mixture. The farmers of Halvad taluka in Surendranagar district are advised to feed 2 kg compound concentrate mixture or 1 kg oil cakes to their lactating buffaloes giving more than 5 kg of milk and compound concentrate mixture 1.5 kg to buffalo heifers and 1 kg to cow heifers.

7.

To ensure adequate supply of zinc, the farmers of districts Dang, Valsad, Narmada and Surendranagar are advised to supplement mineral mixture as per BIS specifications daily 40 g to their lactating cows, buffaloes and pregnant animals and 30 g to heifers and bullocks.

8.

The farmers of Surat district are advised to feed additional compound concentrate mixture 1-1.5 kg to cows and buffaloes producing 5-8 kg milk and 2.5-3.0 kg to animals producing up to 15 kg milk per day during summer and during monsoon on account of green fodder availability, 1.0 kg to buffaloes producing 5-8 kg and 1.5-2.0 kg to cows and buffaloes producing 8-12 kg milk.

9.

The total mixed ration comprising of 50% bajri straw can support daily gain over 500 g when fed to 6-9 months old crossbred calves and was superior to total mixed ration either with 40 or 60% bajri straw.

10.

The farmers of Navasari district are advised to feed additional compound concentrate mixture 1.0 kg to cows producing 8-10 kg milk and 0.5 kg to cattle and buffalo heifers respectively. They are also advised to supplement all categories of dairy  animals 30 g of mineral mixture (without salt) as per BIS specifications.

11.

The farmers of Bharuch district are advised to feed extra compound concentrate mixture 1.0 kg to the lactating buffaloes producing 5.5-9 kg milk and to feed 45g mineral mixture as per BIS specifications to lactating cows producing 6-15kg and buffaloes 5.5-9 kg milk and to pregnant, dry and, buffalo heifers and bullocks.

12.

The farmers of Vadodara district are advised to feed extra compound concentrate mixture 1 kg to the lactating buffaloes of Savli taluka and to the other buffaloes producing 9-12 kg milk. They are also advised to feed 50 g mineral mixture as per BIS specifications to all categories of dairy animals.

13.

The farmers of Anand district are advised to feed extra compound concentrate mixture 1.5 kg to buffaloes producing 12-15 kg milk. They are also advised to feed 30 g mineral mixture as per BIS specifications to pregnant cows, buffaloes and bullocks.

14.

The farmers of  Mahuva and Gadhda taluka of  Bhavnagar district are advised to feed 75 g mineral mixture as per BIS specifications to the lactating cows and buffaloes and 50 g to  other categories of cattle and buffaloes.

15.

In Porbandar district, the farmers are advised to feed mineral mixture as per BIS specifications 150g to lactating and pregnant cows and buffaloes and 50g to dry buffaloes and heifers.

16.

The farmers of Jamnagar district are advised to feed extra compound concentrate mixture 0.5 kg to cows producing 14-16 kg and 2kg to buffaloes producing 11-13.5 kg to bridge the gap of protein supply. They are also advised to feed 100 g mineral mixture as per BIS specifications to Lactating and Pregnant cows and Buffaloes.

17.

The farmers of Panchmahal district are advised to feed daily additional compound concentrate mixture respectively, 1.25 kg and 2.0 kg to indigenous cows (receiving 1.70 kg) and buffaloes (receiving 2.00 kg) producing up to 5 kg and 6-10 kg  (cows receiving 2.20 kg and  buffaloes 2.9 kg) milk/day during winter.

18.

The crossbred cows of Panchmahal district producing 5-15 kg (receiving 2.6 to 4.6 kg) and more than 15 kg (receiving 5.3 kg) milk daily, should be fed additional 2 and 3 kg compound concentrate mixture, respectively during winter. However, during monsoon, cows producing daily 5-15 kg milk (receiving 3.6 to 5.5 kg), should be fed additional 1-1.5 kg compound concentrate mixture.

19.

Compared to conventional feeding system, bullocks can be maintained at 15% less feed cost on complete feed comprising of Bajri straw, 70%; Corn steep liquor, 15%;  Deoiled Ground nut cake,  3%;  Wheat bran, 2%;  Deoiled Rice Bran, 3%;  Molasses, 5%;   Mineral mixture as per BIS specification, 1% ;  Salt, 0.5%;   Urea, 0.5 %  and  Vit. A @ 3000 I.U. / kg and Vit. D₃ @ 1000 I.U. /kg.

20.

 In growing crossbred calves feeding of 60% bajra straw based feed block (Bajra straw, 60%; Deoiled GNC, 18%; Maize, 5%; Rice polish, 5%; Molasses, 10 %;    Min. Mix. as per BIS specification, 1%; Salt, 0.5%;  Urea, 0.5 % and  Vit. A @ 3000 I.U. / kg and Vit. D₃ @ 1000 I.U./kg) can support  daily gain of  380 g similar to conventional feeding system with 25.2 % saving in feed cost.

21.

In Dahod district, buffaloes yielding 5-10 kg and 10.5 - 12.5 kg milk /day, respectively on an average feeding of 2.0 to 5.3 and 3.6 to 5.2 kg concentrate mixture daily. In order to fulfill their nutrient requirement, the farmers are advised to feed additional compound concentrate mixture 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg to buffaloes producing 5-10 kg milk per day during monsoon, summer and winter, while buffaloes yielding daily 10.5 to 12.5 kg need to be given additional 1.5 and 2.5 kg compound concentrate mixture during summer and winter.

22.

In Dahod district, the crossbred cows yielding 8-12 kg milk per day receive on an average 4.0 kg concentrate mixture during winter. To fulfill their nutrient requirement, the dairy farmers are advised to feed additional 1.5 kg compound concentrate mixture.

23.

Inclusion of 900 g of formaldehyde treated rapeseed meal (bypass protein) replacing 1.6 kg compound concentrate mixture in mature pasture grass (Dicanthium annulatum) based ration of growing crossbred calves of 6-12 21 months results in 39% higher growth without any increment in the feed cost per kg gain.

24.

Buffalo female calves of 6-12 months age when fed concentrate mixture with bypass protein (formaldehyde treated Guar bhardo,16.0 %; Groundnut extraction 5 % and Rapeseed extraction, 5.0 %) attain 35 % higher body weight gain with a reduction in the feed cost by 19 percent.

25.

Supplementation of 1.0 kg of formaldehyde treated Guar meal (bypass protein) replacing 2.5 kg concentrate in the ration of crossbred cows yielding 15-17 kg milk increases milk fat % and fat yield and results in higher return.

26.

Supplementation of 1.0 kg of formaldehyde treated rapeseed meal (bypass protein) replacing 2.0 kg of homemade concentrate mixture in the ration of cross-bred cows yielding daily 20 kg milk results in increased milk fat and higher return.

27.

In Sabarkantha district, the crossbred cows yielding 6-8, 9-12 and 13-14 kg milk per day respectively, on an average get daily 3.7, 4.4 and 5.4 kg concentrate mixture during summer. In order to fulfill their requirement, the farmers are advised to feed additional compound concentrate mixture 0.6 kg to cows yielding daily 6-12 kg and 1.0 kg to that yielding daily 13-14 kg milk.

28.

In Sabarkantha district buffaloes yielding 5-7, 7-9 and 10-12 kg milk/day respectively, on an average get daily 3.2, 3.7 and 5.3 kg concentrate mixture. In order to fulfill their nutrient requirement, the farmers are advised to feed additional compound concentrate mixture 0.6, 1.25 and 1.70 kg to buffaloes yielding daily 5-7, 7-9 and 10-12 kg milk during summer and 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 kg during monsoon, respectively.

29.

Supplementation of 1.0 kg of formaldehyde treated Guar meal (bypass protein) replacing 2.5 kg concentrate in the ration of buffaloes yielding 7-8 kg milk increased milk fat (0.68%) and fat yield (21%) and resulted in Rs.27.0 more daily return per buffalo.

30.

Supplementation of bypass fat (calcium salts of long chain fatty acids) @ 200 g daily in concentrate mixture to early lactating buffaloes yielding 9-10 22 kg milk per day increases milk production (4.72 %) and fat (0.75 %) and resulted in Rs.21.0 more daily return per buffalo

31.

The inclusion of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) @ 5 g/day in concentrate mixture of growing Kankrej calves resulted in 16% higher growth without any increment in the feed cost.

32.

In Kheda district, buffaloes yielding 5-7, 7-9 and 9-12 kg milk/day receive on an average daily 4.1, 4.2, and 5.3 kg concentrate mixture, respectively. In order to fulfill their nutrient requirement, the farmers are advised to feed additional 1.0 and 1.5 kg compound concentrate mixture during winter to buffaloes yielding daily 5-7, and 7-9 kg and 1.5 kg round the year to buffaloes that yield daily 9-12 kg milk.

33.

In Kheda district, the bullocks receive on an average daily less than 200 g concentrate mixture during winter and summer seasons. In order to fulfill their nutrient requirement for maintenance, the farmers are advised to feed additional 800g compound concentrate mixture or 4.0 kg green leguminous fodder.

34.

Total mixed ration comprising of 50 % mature pasture grass and 50 % compound concentrate mixture with bypass protein source resulted in 22 % more body weight gain in crossbred calves without any increase in feed cost.

35.

The feed cost of raising weaner kids and lambs fed jowar hay (30%) and groundnut gotar (30%) based Total Mixed Ration can be reduced by 25 to 30% compared to TMR based on jowar hay (60%) alone.

36.

In Ahmedabad district buffaloes yielding 5-7, 7.5-9.5 and 10-12 kg milk/day, on an average received daily 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 kg concentrate mixture, respectively. In order to fulfill their nutrient requirement, the farmers are advised to feed daily additional 1.0 kg compound concentrate mixture in summer to buffaloes yielding 5-7 kg milk and 0.5 kg compound concentrate mixture round the year to buffaloes yielding daily 7.5-12 kg milk.

37.

The cost of feeding (Rs/kg gain) in coloured broilers was reduced by 14.5% when probiotics was supplemented @ 100 g and 50 g/tonne of feed during starter and finisher phase, respectively.

38.

In tribal areas like Kadana taluka of Panchmahals and Chhota udepur taluka of Vadodara district during 90 days of early lactation, inclusion of bypass fat @ 15g/kg milk yield in the ration of buffaloes yielding 6 to 7 kg results in improvement in yield of whole milk, percentage of fat and the efficiency of feed conversion and increase in income by 21 to 23%.

39.

In tribal areas like Kadana taluka of  Panchmahals and Chhota udepur taluka of  Vadodara district during 90 days of early lactation, inclusion of concentrate mixture with bypass protein in the ration of buffaloes yielding daily 6 to 7 kg milk, results in improvement in yield of whole milk, percentage of fat and the efficiency of feed conversion and increase in income by 40 to 42%.

40.

In Vadodara district the farmers are advised to feed additional daily 1 to 1.25 kg compound concentrate mixture to lactating buffaloes in order to fulfill their nutrient requirement.

41.

The farmers of Vadodara district are advised to feed additional daily 500 g compound concentrate mixture or 3.0 kg leguminous green fodder to working bullocks during summer and winter in order to fulfill their nutrient requirement.

42.

Farmers of Anand district are advised to feed daily additional 1.0 kg compound concentrate to the lactating crossbred cows yielding daily 7 to 9 kg milk during monsoon and winter and daily 1.5 kg throughout the year to cows yielding daily 15-18 kg milk.   

43.

Farmers of Anand district are advised to feed daily additional 1.0 kg compound concentrate mixture to buffaloes yielding daily 5.5 to 10 kg milk during summer and monsoon, and 1.5 kg during winter.

44.

The dairy farmers are recommended that inclusion of bypass fat @100 g/day for 30 days before parturition and 15g/kg milk yield after parturition for 120 days in the ration of buffaloes improves yield of whole milk, fat, 6% FCM, feed conversion efficiency, income per buffalo and birth weight of calves and reduces service period.

45.

Supplementation of Solid State Fermentation Biomass (SSF) @ 4% in the jowar hay based TMR (75 % roughage:25 % concentrate) significantly improves rumen Total Volatile Fatty Acids Production by 11 % and digestibility of Dry Matter, Organic Matter, Ether Extract, Nitrogen Free  Extract, and Neutral Detergent Fiber by 8-11 % in Surti goats compared to TMR without SSF Biomass.

46.

Based on the prioritization of limiting minerals in Ahmedabad district, the area specific mineral mixture has been formulated which would make up the deficiency when fed @ 30g/head/day to dairy animals in addition to the current feeding practices.

47.

The anestrous and repeat breeder buffaloes responded favorably to supplementation of appropriate mineral mixture in ionic/inorganic form. But chelated mineral mixture (Comprising of Zn in chelate form added extra @ 25% to ionic) resulted in better response with 25 & 34% and 27 & 42% lesser cost of rearing for correction of anestrous and repeat breeding in buffaloes in Panchmahal and Vadodara districts, respectively