COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, A. A. U., ANAND
SYLLABUS FOR ALL SEMESTER
Semester	Subject Name	Course No	Theory	Practical	Total
I	Applied Physical sciences	APS 101	3	0	3
	Fundamentals of Computers and Operating system	AIT 101	2	1	3
	Applied Mathematics	MATH 101	2	0	2
	Introduction to Programming Languages & Object Oriented Concepts	AIT 102	1	2	3
	Microeconomics	AGRI 101	1	1	2
	Applied Statistics	STAT 101	2	1	3
	Orientation to agricultural system	AGRI 102	1	1	2
	English For Speaking And Writing Skills	ENG 101	1	1	2
	TOTAL CREDITS		13	7	20
II	Basic Electronics And Instrumentation Technology	BEIT 201	2	1	3
	Design and Analysis of Algorithms and Data Structures	AIT 203	2	1	3
	Principles of Genetics	AGRI 203	2	1	3
	Computer Organization and Architecture	AIT 204	3	0	3
	Soil And Crop Management	AGRI 204	2	1	3
	Commercial horticulture	AGRI 205	2	1	3
	Probability and Information systems	AIT 205	2	1	3
	Software Engineering	AIT 206	2	0	2
	TOTAL CREDITS		17	6	23
III	Compiler Design and Programming Languages	AIT 307	2	1	3
	Data Base Management System	AIT 308	2	1	3
	Operation Research	AIT 309	2	1	3
	Functions of several variables, vector calculus and numerical methods	MATH 302	2	1	3
	Greenhouse Production technology	AGRI 306	2	1	3
	Introduction to Macroeconomics	AGRI 307	2	1	3
	Introduction to Biotechnology	AGRI 308	2	1	3
	Plantation Management	AGRI 309	1	1	2
	Education Tour	ET 301	0	*1	0
	TOTAL CREDITS		15	8	23
IV	Programming for web portals – (PHP/JAVA/.Net) languages	AIT 410	1	2	3
	Econometrics	AGRI 410	2	1	3
	Project Management for Information Systems	AIT 411	2	1	3
	Environment Management	AGRI 411	2	1	3
	eCommerce and Retailing Entrepreneurship	AGRI 412	2	1	3
	Design and Management of Web Portals	AIT 412	2	1	3
	Agricultural Information Portals management	AIT 413	1	2	3
	Communications Theory/Computer Networks	AIT 414	3	0	3
	TOTAL CREDITS		15	9	24
V	Distributed Systems	AIT 515	2	1	3
	Applications of Global Positioning Systems in Agriculture	AIT 516	1	1	2
	GIS in Agriculture	AIT 517	2	1	3
	Remote sensing of Natural Resources	AGRI 513	2	1	3
	Supply Chain Management	AGRI 514	3	0	3
	Enterprise Resource Planning	AGRI 515	3	0	3
	Commodity Marketing	AGRI 516	3	0	3
	Fundamentals and Applications of Nanotechnology	AGRI 517	1	1	2
	Bioinformatics Computing	AIT 518	1	1	2
	TOTAL CREDITS		18	6	24
VI	Parallel Computing	AIT 619	3	0	3
	Crop Simulation Models	AGRI 618	1	1	2
	High Performance Computing	AIT 620	2	1	3
	Open Source Data Bases and KDD (Knowledge Discovery Databases)	AIT 621	2	1	3
	SPSS, MATLAB and Knowledge Discovery	AIT 622	1	2	3
	Data Mining – Java/Oracle	AIT 623	2	1	3
	Atmospheric Science	AGRI 619	2	1	3
	Mobile Computing	AIT 624	2	1	3
	TOTAL CREDITS		15	8	23
VII	Operating System with Unix/Linux	AIT 725	2	1	3
	Network Security	AIT 726	2	1	3
	Android Application Development	AIT 727	2	1	3
	Website Development Using Javascript and PHP	AIT 728	2	1	3
	Entrepreneurship Development	AGRI 720	1	1	2
	Agricultural Finance and Cooperation	AGRI 721	1	1	2
	Introduction to SAS	AGRI 722	2	1	3
	TOTAL CREDITS		12	7	19

SEMESTER - I

APS 101 APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES 3(3+0)

Unit I

Electromagnetic radiation – Electromagnetic Spectrum – Laws of radiation – Wave theory & Particle Theory.

Unit II

Black body radiation – absorption – reflection – transmission of radiation – scattering.

Semiconductors – Transistors –very large scale integrations – micro chips – nano electronics - Digital electronics - Logic gates – Half-Adder, Full-Adder. Binary, four - bit counter. Conversion between analogue and digital - Nano technology – basics – nano materials – applications – Electrical conductor – measurement of soil moisture.

Unit III

Atomic physics – Braggs Law - crystal structure analysis by powder method - Photo electric effect – Photoelectric cells – applications of photo electric cells – Photo diodes.

Radio activity - Detectors of nuclear radiations – Liquid Scintillation Counter – ionization chamber – solid state detectors - Proportional counter – cloud chamber – bubble chamber - applications - Tracer techniques in agriculture - Gamma ray irradiation – Radio carbon dating.

UNIT IV

Introduction – Monomer and Functionality – Degree of polymerization – Classification of polymers – Types of polymerization reactions – copolymerization – condensation polymerization – Thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics – processing of plastics – Compounding and processing techniques – recycling of plastics. Applied aspects of glass making - manufacturing of glass. Fats and Oils – Molecular structure and organization - Bulk Physiochemical Properties - Fat Crystallization – Chemical Changes.

Chemistry of essential oils -active principles in Jasmine and Geranium – extraction and characterization techniques.

Unit V

Nuclear and radiochemistry – Principles of nuclear equipments – Use of different tracers (³²P, ⁶⁵Zn and ³⁵S) in agricultural use and environmental studies (³H, ¹⁴C and ¹³⁷Cs) – Application of nuclear techniques for preservation of food materials. Application of sophisticated instruments (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Flame Photometer) for detection of heavy metals, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium.

Unit-VI

Chemical Biotechnology – Conversion Processes (Bioreactors) – Mode of operation – Fermentation technology – Bakers’ yeast production – Metabolic products – Ethanol and biogas production. Environmental applications of Chemistry – Water softening method a. Zeolitic process. b. Demineralisation process. Waste water treatment – Biological and aerobic treatment processes. Enzyme technology – Biocatalysts for transformations – production of artificial sweeteners.

AIT 101 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS AND OPERATING SYSTEMS 3(2+1)

History and Evolution of computers - Introduction to computer Types – Digital, Analog, Hybrid, Business, Scientific computers - Personal Computer, Mini/Mainframe computers, Super Computer, Collaborative / Grid Computing - Computing Hardware – Computer Architecture Overview - Concepts of semiconductors, Microprocessors and Memory devices - Computer Anatomy and Representation of Information – CPU, RAM, ROM, Mother Board, Hard Disk - Input / Output devices - Networking devices, peripherals – wired / wireless networking - Operating systems – Introduction to Hardware concepts - CPU organization - Programming -concept and software tools - Introduction to operating system - Process management - Memory management - The software life cycle - Important qualities of software product and process - Introduction to system investigations - Stages in the system development life cycle

PRACTICAL

Computer Innards – CPU, RAM, ROM, Mother Board, Hard Disk, Input & Output devices , Demonstration using PC - Windows Operating system – Linux Operating System – System Settings – Dos & Shell Commands – Shell Programming. - Telnet, ftp – Introduction to Internet, email system, browser, search engines - Videoconferencing Demo - Visit to campus network, Server facility, mini supercomputing cluster - Installation / un-installation of software in windows & OS - Installation / un-installation of software in Linux & OS.

MATH 101 APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2(2+0)

Differential Calculus: Rolley’s theorem; LaGrange’s theorem – Expansion of functions in a Taylor Series – Maxima and Minima of functions to application of theory of maxima and minima of functions, the solution of problems – Partial derivative of function of several variables – Partial derivatives of higher order – Integral Calculus: Geometric & Mechanical application of Definite Integral – The Arc length of curve, computation of surface area – Computation of Volume of solid of revolution – Computation of moment of inertia of a circle and a cylinder by means of definite integral. – Vector Analyses: Dot product and cross product of vectors – Scalar triple product, vector Triple Product – Vector function of one variable, Differential of vector function – The operator, Gradient of scalar function, Curl and divergence of vector function – Line, surface and volume integral, divergence and stokes theorems – Ordinary Differential Equations: Separable first order equations, Homogenous first order equations – Exact first order equations – Application of first order differential equations – The general linear second order equations – The homogenous equation and particular integrals – Applications of second order differential equations – Fourier series: Introduction; Euler coefficients, Euler – Fourier Formula; Fourier expansions of periodic functions.

AIT 102 INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES C & 3(1+2)

OBJECT ORIENTED CONCEPTS USING C++

Unit I

Programming Fundamentals using C- Algorithm development, techniques of problem solving, flowcharting, stepwise refinement.

Unit II

Structure of program, Data types, Constants, Variables, Expression,Operators.

Unit III

Basic input/ output and library functions, Control structures, Arrays, String processing, Structure and union.

Unit IV

Functions, Pointers, Pointer to functions, Function returning pointers, Dynamic memory allocation.

Unit V

Structured programming concepts; Top down Design, Development of efficient programs.

File management; Graphics.
Unit VI

Object-Oriented programming - Classes and Objects Classes - Objects & Interfaces Constructors & Destructors - Overloading of Operators & Functions - Friend Functions -Input/ Output Console I/O.

PRACTICAL

Problems on data types; Input /output statements; Control statements, loops; Arrays, structures/unions; Pointers and string processing; various operations in file management and Programming for graphics.

Implementing OOPs concept using C++.

AGRI 101 MICROECONOMICS 2(1+1)

Unit I Theory of Demand

Nature and scope of economic theory –Demand Theory - Law of demand - Elasticity of demand – Demand functions – Consumer’s surplus

Unit II Theory of Production

Theory of Production – Production function – Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns - Laws of Returns, Laws of Substitution - Theory of costs – cost curves - Profit maximization and cost minimization. Derivation of supply curve - Law of supply – Theory of Distribution – Different factors of Production & their role on production process.

Unit III Applications of Economic Principles in Agriculture

Agricultural production decision – Input-output, factor-factor and product –product relationships. Farm planning and risk – Strategies to manage risk – Farm budgeting.

Unit IV Theory of Firms

Meaning of Firm & Industry, overview of market equilibrium and price determination – Perfect Competition – Monopoly - Monopolistic competition – Oligopoly.

Unit V Economics of Information and Market Failure (2 classes)

Role of information in economic system – Market failure due to asymmetric information – Adverse selection and moral hazard – Network externalities.

PRACTICAL

Estimation of elasticity of demand using various forms of demand functions – Estimation of production functions – Calculation of elasticity of production – Production function analysis - Input-output relationship – Optimal level of input use – Least cost combination of inputs.

Product-product relationship – Deriving optimal product combination – Cost concepts and estimation of cost of cultivation – CACP approach –Farm budgeting – Partial budgeting – Break-even analysis – Calculation of depreciation –Investment analysis – Price determination under equilibrium conditions.

STAT 101 APPLIED STATISTICS 3(2+1)

Unit I Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion

Measures of central tendency – meaning – limitations – properties – mean, median and mode for raw and grouped data.

Measures of dispersion – meaning – limitations – properties – range, mean deviation, quartile deviation, standard deviation and variance – coefficient of variation, skew ness and kurtosis.

Unit II Distributions and Sampling Theory

Theoretical distributions – Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions (without proof) – properties and applications of the above distributions.

Sampling – population, sample, parameter and statistic, sampling vs. complete enumeration, simple random sampling, stratified random sampling.

Unit III Correlation and Regression

Correlation – meaning, types of correlations (positive, negative, simple, multiple and partial correlation), scatter diagram, computation of correlation coefficient, properties of correlation coefficient. Regression - fitting of simple linear regression equation(y on x) properties of regression coefficient

Unit IV Estimation and Testing of hypothesis

Statistical estimation – estimation – point estimation and interval estimation.

Tests of significance – null and alternative hypothesis – level of significance – critical region – degrees of freedom – Type I and Type II error , large and small samples test (Z and t one, two sample and paired) , F-test, chi square test for goodness of fit and test for independence of attributes.

Unit V Analysis of variance and Basic Designs

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) – meaning – assumptions.

Experimental designs – basic principles – Completely Randomised Design (CRD)
(for equal and unequal replications) – Randomised Block Design (RBD), factorial experiment.

PRACTICAL

Examples on measures of central tendency - median and mode for raw and grouped data
Examples on measures of dispersion
Examples on Binomial distribution and Normal distribution
Examples on correlation coefficient and fitting of regression equation with test of significance of regression coefficient, ANOVA and prediction
Test of significance, small sample and large sample test
Chi square test for goodness of fit and test for independence of attributes
Completely Randomized Design (for equal and unequal
Randomized Block Design, Factorial experiments in CRD and RBD

AGRI 102 ORIENTATION TO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS 2(1+1)

Unit I Overview of agricultural systems

Terms and definitions in agricultural systems – importance and need – contributions to the society – global perspectives and current status – inter disciplinary relationships in the agricultural systems.

Unit II Natural inputs in Agricultural Systems

Climate and agricultural systems – weather as natural inputs – Crops and weather relationships – animal and weather relationships. Soils for agricultural systems – soil fertility and productivity – interactions with crop and animal production.

Unit III Inputs and processes in crop production system

Crop nomenclature and classification – factors influencing crop production system (including Horticulture) – production potentials. Human inputs and processes for crop production – material and labour inputs for tillage, intercultural, protection (pest, disease & weed), harvest and post harvest. Cropping systems – cropping pattern, crop rotation, intercropping, mixed cropping, relay cropping, intensive cropping, and multi-tier cropping. Farming systems – integrated farming, mixed farming, large-scale commercial farming and small scale subsistence farming, irrigated and rain fed farming, precision farming – response farming – contract farming. Agro forestry and social forestry in crop production systems.

Unit IV Inputs and processes in animal production system

Livestock and poultry & fisheries – nomenclature and classification, factors influencing animal production – production potentials of the system. Production processes – Dairy and poultry production – scales and systems of production. Interaction with crop production.

Unit V Management of agricultural system

Economics of agricultural system – input management, labour management. Farm planning and budgeting, supply chain management as farm perspective.

PRACTICAL

Visit to crop cafeteria to identify the crops
Visit to the animal units of the campus
Lay out of agromet observatory and observing instruments used
Time of observation of weather elements and practicing observation
Visit to soil profile exhibition and soil test lab
Instruments used on soil and plant analysis
Seed bad preparation
Practicing crop protection techniques
Visiting orchard and understanding horticultural crop production system
Acquiring knowledge on animals used in the agricultural systems
Visit to commercial dairy and poultry unit
Visiting agro industries
Farm plan preparation for upland eco system
Farm plan preparation for low and eco system
Farm budgeting and economics

ENG 101 ENGLISH FOR SPEAKING AND WRITING SKILLS 2*(1+1)

Unit I LISTENING

Principles – Active and Passive Listening – Process of Active Listening- Interactive Listening, Listening cloze – Barriers to Listening-Listening to the audio and video CD's of TOEFL and IELTS and audio video CD’s of B.B.C and audio CD’s of BEC.

Unit II SPEAKING

Influence of L₁ on L₂ – Conversation practice – Dialogue – Principles and Practice.

Unit III READING

Reading with fluency and accuracy – Critical reading (analysis, evaluation and synthesis) – SQ3R - Skimming and Scanning – Reading Cloze.

Unit IV WRITING

Personal writing (Personal letters and E-mail) – Public writing (Complaints) – Social writing (Conveying congratulations, Condolence, Notice, Circulars) – Creative writing (Popular articles) and Institutional writing (Assignments and Scientific article writing) - Essay Writing.

PRACTICAL

·Listening – Principles, Kinds and Process - Barriers to Listening – Study

Interactive listening – Listening to IELTS and TOEFL CD's – Discussion and Exercises
Listening cloze – Task from Cambridge BEC
Speaking – Influence of L₁ on L₂ – Problems and Analysis
Dialogue – Study of Principles and Practice
Critical Reading and SQ3R – Discussion
Reading cloze – Tasks from Cambridge IELTS
Skimming and Scanning – Tasks from Barron's TOEFL
Personal Writing and Public Writing – Personal letters, E-mail, Complaints and Fan mail
Social and Creative writing – Conveying congratulations, Condolence, Notices, Circulars and

Assignments

Institutional writing – Report writing, Note taking, Rejoinders and Scientific Article Writing
Essay Writing – Study of definition and kinds

SEMESTER - II

BEIT 201 BASIC ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY 3(2+1)

Unit I Basics of Electricity

Electrical quantity – voltage, current, power, energy, resistance, inductance and capacitance. Circuit elements – ohms law, Kirchoff’s current and voltage law. Resistors in series and parallel – Alternating current –basic definitions - power and power factor. Measurement of energy – Electrical machines – types of motors – DC motor and AC motor – Applications.

Unit II Electronics

Passive electronic components, resistors – fixed, variable – color coding – capacitors variable and fixed – types & specification – inductors and chokes. Active electronic components: P.N. junctions – semiconductor diodes – characteristics – application – rectifiers. Transistor – working of PNP transistor – common emitter configuration – applications – amplification. Photo electric devices – photo transistor – working – photocell – light emitting diode (LED). Integrated circuits – advantages and limitations – classifications – linear and digital – examples. Operational amplifiers – Logic gates.

Unit III Basics of instruments

Transducers – classifications of transducers – requirements and principles. Displacement – LVDT, capacitive transducers – temperature – RTD and thermocouple.

Unit IV Instrument technology for agriculture

Instrument for measurement of pH, Electrical conductivity, gas analysis, humidity, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and soil temperature.

Unit V Applications of Electronics in Agriculture

Instrument for crop monitoring – moisture measurement – capacitive, infrared reflectance and resistance. Monitoring soil and weather – measurement of soil properties and meteorological parameters – irrigation control systems. Instruments for crop establishment monitoring. Crop spraying – selective crop spraying – flow control. Yield monitoring. Technology for precision farming. Instruments for protected cultivation – green house environment control – transducers and control system. Instruments and systems for crop handling processing and storage.

DEMO OF

Study of multi meter and its use
Study of voltmeter, ammeter and energy meter and its use.
Identification of resisters, capacitors and other components.
Study of colorimeter its principles and usage.
Study of spectrophotometer, its principle operation, maintenance and troubleshooting.
Study of principle of chlorophyll meter its use and maintenance
Study of principle of leaf area meter – its use and maintenance
Study of instrument for measurement of seed moisture
Experiments on soil moisture measurement
Study of Gas chromatograph, its operation and maintenance
Study of principles of operation of PH meter and its operation, maintenance and trouble shooting
Study of principles of operation of E.C. meter and its operation
Study of instruments used in meteorology
Visit to green house with environmental control.
Visit to Agro processing facility with electronic sorters, graders, counters

AIT 203 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES 3(2+1)

Unit I Concepts of Algorithms

Introduction to Algorithms – Algorithm Development – Complexity analysis – Recursion classes – String Algorithms – Concepts of Pseudo code.

Unit II Linear Data structures

Introduction to Linear Data structures: Pointers, relationships in C between pointers and arrays. Queues and stacks. Application to storage allocation, de-allocation and garbage.

Unit III Linked lists

Introduction to linked lists- Singly, doubly and circularly linked lists; algorithms for creation, insertion, deletion and search.

Unit IV Trees and graphs

Introduction to graphs representation – Traversal-Depth first search, Breadth first search - Adjacency matrix and list representation –Tree-Shortest path, minimum spanning tree –Tree- all pairs Shortest Path, Transitive Closer, Splay Trees –Binary Trees - Representation – operations: insert, delete – Traversal – preorder, inorder, postorder.
N-ary trees: Definitions, balanced treed, definitions of B-tree, insertion, deletion and search algorithm of B-trees; B-tree based keyed access to records in a file.

Unit V Sorting

Analysis of simple sorting techniques such as shell sort, bubble sort, insertion sort, selection sort, quick sort, heap sort and merge sort. Sorting based on binary and n-ary trees.

Unit VI Searching

Concepts, programming and operations of simple search & binary search – Concepts, programming and applications of AVI – trees, B – tree search – Concepts, programming and applications of hashing technique – Concepts, programming and applications of pattern matching

PRACTICAL

Description of the algorithm in English, pseudo code development and diagrammatic explanation
Pseudo code, diagrams, simulations for
- Arrays, strings, stacks, queues, Linked lists
- Pseudo code, diagrams, simulations for
- Binary Searching, B-Tree, Spanning Tree
Pseudo code & programming for
- Shell sort, bubble sort, Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort
Pseudo code & Programming : Spreadsheet application
Pseudo code & Programming : Editor application

AGRI 203 PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS 3(2+1)

Unit I

Genetics, theories – definitions of genetic terms, Mendel’s work, laws – dominance, epistasis, modifications in Mendelian ratio, different type of epistasis.

Unit II

Multiple alleles – blood groups – theories – pseudo alleles – examples – multiple gene inheritance – transgressive variation – linkage – coupling and repulsion.

Unit III

Crossing over – theories, two point, three point test cross, interference, coincidence, genetic map, sex determination – theories, sex linked inheritance, non disjunction, cytoplasmic inheritance – Chromosomal aberration – structural and numerical.

Unit IV

Pedigree analysis twins, quantitative genetics, DNA as genetic material, structure of DNA, protein synthesis, genetic code, operon model.

Unit V

Fine structure of the gene – PCR – plant genome structure – genomic data base – EST – identification of genes from sequenced data, computer applications in genetics, advantages and limitations.

PRACTICAL

Study of genetic ratio – monohybrid – incomplete dominance and test cross ratio and in combination of one or two above
Dihybrid ratio – dominance, incomplete dominance, and test cross ratio and in combination of one or two above
Simple interaction of genes – comb character in fowls, dominant epistasis, recessive epistasis and duplicate recessive epistasis
Duplicate and additive epistasis, duplicate dominant epistasis and dominant and recessive epistasis
Problems in multiple alleles
Problems in multiple factor inheritance
Estimation of linkage with F2 and test cross data, coupling and repulsion
Problems on two point test cross, three point test cross
Working out interference, coincidence and drawing genetic maps
Problems in gene action – interpretation of results – computer application
Problems in working out – heritability and genetic advance – interpretation of results

AIT 204 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE 3(3+0)

Unit I Computer organization and concepts

Introduction to computer systems – Number system –Representation of Information – Arithmetic operation – Boolean algebra - minimization of Boolean function using Karnaugh Map– Logical operation – AND, NOT, OR, XOR – Hardware and software implementation – Concepts of machine level, Assembly level and High level programming

Unit II Microprocessor Fundamentals

CPU design - Arithmetic and Logic Unit and memory Unit – Addressing modes - Instruction set – Instruction interpretation – execution – Micro operation-arithmetic, logic and shift – Micro programmed control - Hardwired control CPU design – Concepts of semiconductor memory – CPU - memory interaction - organization of memory modules – Cache memory - mapping and replacement policies – Virtual memory

Unit III Input - output and storage

Introduction to input/output processing – VDU – keyboard control – Programmed controlled I/O transfer – Interrupt controlled I/O transfer – DMA Controller – Types of storage devices – secondary storage – Common Bus system - connecting I/O devices to CPU and memory

Unit IV Microprocessor architecture

RISC and CISC paradigm – RISC and CISC characteristics – Design issues of a RISC processor – RISC /CISC processor examples – pipelining - pipeline hazard – pipeline architecture - design issues – Instruction level parallelism - advanced issues – Interconnection network.

Unit V Multiprocessor architecture

Multiprocessors – characteristics – Memory organization for multiprocessors systems – Synchronization – models of memory consistency – Deadlock and scheduling – Cache in multiprocessor systems – problems – Cache coherence protocols – Parallel processing concepts – Parallelism algorithms

Demo for

Microprocessor Trainer - Hardware
Software based simulations – VHDL
Hands-on PC dissembling/ assembling

AGRI 204 SOIL AND CROP MANAGEMENT 3(2+1)

Unit I

Soil – types –Soil texture – structure-characteristics for suitability of crops – soil fertility and productivity-Agronomical measures to maintain fertility and productivity, soil organic matter in crop production – Tillage and tilth – objectives, principles and kinds of tillage and implements – effect of tillage – modern concept of tillage-zero tillage – problem soils and their management – management of wasteland –waterlogged and watershed.

Unit II

Manure and fertilizers – soil fertility management – composting techniques – INM – green and green leaf manures–irrigation techniques – Micro Irrigation WUE,IWCPE ratio– Water requirement – less water crop production technologies – concept of advanced irrigation methods – water management devices – fertigation.

Unit III

Crop production technologies : season –varieties- seed rate – sowing- geomentry- manures weeds – methods of weed management –IWM and fertilizers- critical stages for input requirement – nutrient, irrigation – weed management and aftercare of major field crops : rice, major and minor millets, redgram, blackgram, greengram, groundnut, sesame, soybean, castor, sunflower, cotton, sugarcane.

Unit IV

Production technologies for Biofuel crops – sweet sorghum, sugarbeet and jatropha – forage and fodder crops – preservation techniques – Hay silage making

Unit V

Crop production in dry farming - agro techniques for drylands - soil erosion and conservation – sustainable agriculture – LEISA concepts - organic farming - bio pesticides and botanicals, IFS Concept.

PRACTICAL

Identification of soil problems - Identification of crops, and seeds and practicing different methods of seed bed preparation - Identification of manures and fertilizers, green manures and green leaf manures - Working out fertilizer requirement /unit cost and practicing fertilizer application methods - Composting techniques of farm wastes - Identification of tools and implements used in field crops - Working out seed rate and spacing for different field crops - Practicing different methods of seed treatment and sowing methods - Practicing thinning, gap filling, and earthing up - Observation of different methods of irrigation and visit to irrigation cafeteria - Identification of weeds and practicing different weed control methods - Practices and acquiring skill on use of biopesticide and botanicals for pest control - Biometric observation and growth and yield assessment of field crops - Forage crops – cultivation methods - Estimation of cost of cultivation and working out economics - Practical examination.

AGRI 205 COMMERCIAL HORTICULTURE 3(2+1)

Unit I Basic principles of Horticulture and propagation techniques

Horticultural zones of India - classification - Soil and climatic factors - methods of propagation - sexual and vegetative propagation - cutting, layering, grafting and budding – Micro propagation techniques - Principles, planning and layout of orchards.

Unit II Production methods and cropping systems

Study of planting systems - Bearing habits of fruit crops- Principles and methods of training and pruning - Cropping systems, inter cropping, multi tier cropping - Irrigation and fertigation systems - After cultural practices for annual and perennial horticultural crops.

Unit III Cultural hints and Protected cultivation for horticultural crops

Cultural hints for mango, banana, and grapes - tomato, potato, bittergourd, onion and bhendi - coriander, turmeric, pepper, coconut, tea and coffee - jasmine, rose, chrysanthemum, marigold - coleus, gloriosa, senna, geranium and lemon grass.

Protected Cultivation - basic concepts -Protected cultivation techniques for tomato, capsicum - rose, gerbera

Unit IV Preharvest, harvest and post harvest management

Maturity indices - Harvesting, grading and sorting, storage and marketing of fruits and vegetables - flowers, spices and plantation crops -Principles of post harvest handling of major fruit and vegetable crops - Flower crops - spices and plantation crops -Processing for horticultural products

Unit V Floral art, landscape gardening and turf management

Flower arrangements, floral products, bonsai making - Dry flower techniques Principles and elements of landscape gardening - Turfing and turf management.

PRACTICAL

Identification of different horticultural crops – Asexual propagation – grafting, budding, layering, cutting – Sexual propagation – seed sowing, seed treatment, transplants production – Practices in planning and layout of an orchard and different systems of planting – Preparation of fertilizer mixtures, field application techniques – preparation and application of growth regulators – Weed management techniques – Irrigation systems and practices – Practices in training and pruning – Hybrid seed production for vegetable crops – green houses – design, classification and components – Harvesting handling and packaging techniques – Practices in micro propagation techniques – Study of garden components and lawn making – Visit to commercial tissue culture laboratory – Visit to green house and poly house units – Visit to commercial orchards / plantations – Visit to fruit, flower and vegetable markets.

AIT 205 PROBABILITY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 3(2+1)

Unit I Information System Concepts

Role of Information Systems – Classification of Information systems – Transforming Data into Information – Producing Agribusiness Information – Elements of Information system – Concepts of Information systems

Unit II Information Systems Technologies

Information system hardware technologies – Information system software issues – Theory of Computer Networks – Network Topologies – Telecommunication systems and services – Database systems architecture

Unit III Information Systems Applications

Business support systems design and applications – Decision support systems implementation – Data mining and OLAP – e-Commerce systems design – Information system Security – Information security in organizations – Information security and social issues – Information System Audit

Unit IV Information Systems Management

IS Planning and Acquisition – IS Project Management – Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) –Development of Structured Methodologies – Using Information Systems – Ergonomics and IS Design – Data Processing controls and Disaster Recovery

Unit V Probability and Information Theory

Concept of randomness, random event and probability – Probability of single random events – Probability of multiple random events – Probability distribution functions – Specified probability distribution function (PDF) fitting random numbers – System Reliability - probability of failure – Redundancies or multiple pathways

PRACTICAL

Flowcharting Practice – Agricultural Information Systems – Library Information system Laboratory Information Management system – LIMS – MIS - Business Management system - case study – Hospital Information system -case study – Banking information system- Electronic fund transfer case study – DSS - Pest and Diseases management system – DSS - Greenhouse Management system - DSS- Weather based crop advisory – DSS - Garden Plants Information system – Farm Machinery / Implements Information system – DSSIFER - case study - ERP - Enterprise Resource planning - case study – Random number generation – Estimation of mean time between failures (MTBF)

AIT 206 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2(2+0)

Unit I

Software engineering definition; Software Development: Phases, Process models, Project structure, Project team structure, Role of metrics, Measurement, Software quality factors.

Unit II

Planning and Software Project: Requirement analysis, Cost estimation, Project Scheduling, Quality Assurance Plan, and Project Monitoring Plans, Gantt charts, PERT and CPM.

Unit III

System Design: Design Objectives, Design Principles, Design Tools and Techniques, Prototyping.

Unit IV

Structured Programming Coding: Programming practices, Verification, Monitoring and Control.

Unit V

Testing: Testing Fundamentals, Functional Testing, Structural Testing, Test Plan activities, Unit testing, Integration Testing.

Unit VI

Reliability: Concept of Software Reliability, Reliability Models, Limitations of Reliability Models, Software Maintenance. CASE tools.

SEMESTER – III

AIT 307 COMPILER DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 3(2+1)

UNIT I Introduction to Language Translators

Importance of programming languages - brief history and features - attributes of good programming language - Introduction to language translators – Assembler – Compiler – Interpreter – Loader – Linker - Language Processing System – The phases of a Compiler.

UNIT II Lexical Analysis

The role of the Lexical Analyzer – Tokens – Patterns – Lexemes – Regular Expressions – Transition Diagram – Finite Automata – Nondeterministic Finite Automata – Deterministic Finite Automata

UNIT III Syntax Analysis

The role of the parser – Context Free Grammars – Top Down Parsing – Bottom Up Parsing – Operator Precedence Parsing – LR Parsers

UNIT IV Intermediate Code Generation

Position of intermediate code generator - Intermediate Languages – Graphical Representations – Three Address Code

UNIT V Code Generation

Position of code generator – Issues in the design of a code generator – Input to the Code Generator – Target Programs – Memory Management – Instruction Selection – Register Allocation – The Target Machine

UNIT VI Tools for building Compilers

Introduction to LEX – Introduction to YACC

Suggested Books

Compilers Principles, Techniques and Tools

Alfred V. Aho, Ravi Sethi, Jeffrey D. Ullman

Compiler Construction: Principles and Practice
Kenneth C. Louden

Art of Compiler Design, The Theory and Practice
Thomas Pittman, James Peters, Jim Peters

AIT 308 DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 3(2+1)

UNIT I Introduction to Data Base Management System

Database – File System – Data Base System – Types of DBMS – Functions of DBMS – Database Models.

UNIT II Relational Data Base Model

Entities and Attributes - Tables and their Characteristics - Keys(Superkey, Candidate key, Primary key, Secondary key, Foreign key) - Entity Integrity - Referential integrity - Relational Database Operators(SELECT, PROJECT, JOIN, INTERSECT, UNION, DIFFERENCE, PRODUCT, DIVIDE) - The Data Dictionary and the System Catalog - Relationship within the relational database(1:1,1:M, M:M) - Indexes.

UNIT III Structured Query Language (SQL)

Introduction – Data Definition Commands (Creating Database, Creating Table, SQL integrity Constraints)

Data Entry (INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, COMMIT, ROLLBACK)

Mathematical Operators (=,<,>,<=,>=,!=)

Logical Operators (AND, OR, NOT)

Special Operators ( BETWEEN, IS NULL, LIKE, IN, EXIST )

Advanced Data Management Commands

Adding column to the table using ALTER TABLE

Changing column’s data type using ALTER TABLE

Add primary key, foreign key using ALTER TABLE

Entering data into the new column using UPDATE

Copying parts of tables using CREATE TABLE

Deleting a table from the database using DROP TABLE

Use of ORDER BY and DISTINCT

SQL Functions (COUNT, SUM, MIN, MAX, SUM AVG)

Grouping Data (GROUP BY with HAVING)

Virtual Tables (Creating a view using CREATE VIEW)

SQL Indexes (CREATE INDEX Command)

Joining Database Tables

Procedural SQL (TRIGGER, STORED PROCEDURE, STORED FUNCTION)

UNIT IV Entity Relationship (E-R) Modeling

E-R Model Components – Entities – Attributes – Relationships – Connectivity – Cardinality - Weak Entities - Recursive Entities - Composite Entities - Entities Super types and Sub types - Developing E-R Diagram.

UNIT V Normalization of Database Tables

Definition – The need for normalization – Conversion to First Normal Form – Conversion to Second Normal Form – Conversion to Third Normal Form – Boyce Codd Normal Form – De normalization.

UNIT VI Transaction Management and Concurrency Control

Definition of Transaction – Transaction Properties – Transaction Management using COMMIT and ROLLBACK – Concurrency Control with Locking Methods – Lock Granularity (Database Level, Table Level, Page Level, Row Level, Field Level), Lock Types (Binary Locks, Shared/Exclusive Locks).

Suggested Books

Introduction of database system

C.J. DATE - Addition - Wesley

Database Systems Design, Implementation & Management

Rob, Coronel

Database system concepts

Henry F. Korth, Abraham silberschatz

AIT 309 OPERATION RESEARCH 3(2+1)

Unit I

Overview of operations Research: OR models – OR Techniques

Unit II

Linear Programming: Introduction – Graphical solution; Graphical sensitivity analysis – The standard form of linear programming problems – Basic feasible solutions - unrestricted variables – simplex algorithm – artificial variables – Big M and two phase method – Degeneracy - alternative optima – unbounded solutions – infeasible solutions.

Unit III

Dual problems- Relation between primal and dual problems – Dual simplex method

Unit IV

Transportation model – starting solutions. North West corner Rule - lowest cost method –Vogels approximation method – Transportation algorithms –Assignment problem – Hungarian Method.

Unit V

Network Models : Definitions – CPM and PERT – Their Algorithms Integer Programming : Branch and Bound Algorithms cutting plan algorithm.

Unit VI

Dynamic Programming: Recursive nature of dynamic programming – Forward and Backward Recursion

Unit VII

Deterministic Inventory Models : Static EOQ Models – Dynamic EOQ models.

Unit VIII

Game theory: Two person Zero Sum Games – Mixed strategy games and their Algorithms.

Books:

1. Introduction to Operations Research by HILLIER/LIEBERMAN, Tata McGraw Hill

2. Operations Research by R Panneerselvan, Prentice Hall of India.

MATH 302 Functions of several variables, vector calculus and numerical methods 3(2+1)

Unit I

Functions of Several variables: Concept of a Limit, Concept of Continuity Partial Differentiation, Composite functions, Homogeneous Functions, Euler’s theorem, General Formula, Taylor’s theorem for a function of two variables.

Unit II

Numerical Methods: Solution of Algebraic and Transcandal Equations. Regula-falsi method, Newton-Raphsion Method, its geometrical Interpretation.

Unit III

Solution of Linear Simultaneous equations: Gauss elimination method. Iterative method of solution.JAcobi’s Iterataion method.

Unit IV

Finite differences and interpolation: Forward , BackWard and Central difference table.

Newton’s Interpolation Forward, Backward and Central Formulae.

Practical

To solve problems on Limit, continuity for function of sevrable variables.

Use of Euler’s formula on some problems.

Apply Taylor’s theorem for function of two variables.

Solve Algebric and Transcandal Equations.

Problems on Regula-falsi method, Newton-Raphsion Method. Prepare Forward , BackWard and Central difference table.

Problems of Newton’s Interpolation formaulae.

AGRI 306 GREEN HOUSE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY 3(2+1)

UNIT I

Greenhouse – World scenario, Indian situation: present and future, Different agro-climatic zones in India, Environmental factors and their effects on plant growth.

UNIT II

Basics of greenhouse design, different types of structures – glasshouse, shade net, poly tunnels - Design and development of low cost greenhouse structures.

UNIT III

Interaction of light, temperature, humidity, CO2, water on crop regulation - Greenhouse heating, cooling, ventilation and shading.

UNIT IV

Types of ventilation- Forced cooling techniques - Glazing materials – Micro irrigation and Fertigation.

UNIT V

Automated greenhouses, micro controllers, waste water recycling, Management of pest and diseases – IPM.

UNIT VI

Media –Types, uses and characteristics.

Practical

Study of different structures and covering materials - Designs of greenhouse, low cost poly tunnels, net house- Regulation of light, temperature, humidity in greenhouses, media, greenhouse cooling systems, ventilation systems, fertigation systems, special management practices, project preparation for greenhouses, visit to greenhouses.

Suggested Readings

Green House Engineering. NRAES, Riley, Robb Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.Bhatcharjee BS. 1959.

Rose Growing in Tropics. Thackarspink & Co. Laurie A, Kiplingr DD & Nelson KS. 1968.

Commercial Flower Forcing. McGraw-Hill.Mears DR, Kim MK & Roberts WJ. 1971.

Structural Analysis at an Experimental Cable-supported Air Inflated Green Houses. Trans. ASAE.

Pant V Nelson. 1991.

Green House Operation and Management. Bali Publ.Pradeepkumar T, Suma B, Jyothibhaskar & Satheesan KN. 2007.

Management of Horticultural Crops. Parts I, II. New India Publ. Agency.

AGRI 307 INTRODUCTION TO MACROECONOMICS 3(2+1)

Unit I The Closed Economy in the Short Run

Classical and Keynesian Systems; IS-LM model; fiscal and monetary multipliers;

aggregate demand and aggregate supply, the accounting identities.

Unit II Inflation and Aggregate Supply Curve

Phillips curve; adaptive and rational expectations; policy ineffectiveness debate.

Unit III The Medium Run

Government budget constraint; financing government expenditure through taxes, bonds money creation.

Unit IV Open Economy Models

Short run open economy models: the Mundell Fleming model.

Exchange rate determination: purchasing power parity, asset market approach;

Dornbusch's overshooting model. The monetary approach to balance of payments.

Unit V Economic Growth

Harrod-Domar model; Solow model; elements of endogenous growth.

Unit VI Microeconomic Foundations

Consumption; investment; demand for money and supply of money.

Readings:

1. Rudiger Dornbusch, Stanley Fischer and Richard Startz, Macroeconomics, 7th or later edition, McGraw Hill.

2. N. Gregory Mankiw Macroeconomics, 4th or later edition, Worth Publishers.

3. Jones, Charles I. (1998), Introduction to Economic Growth, W.W. Norton & Company, Chapters 1, 2, 8.

4. Sen, A.K.,ed.(1970) Growth Economics, Penguin Books.

5. Attfield, C.L.F., D. Demery and N.W. Duch (1991), Rational Expectations in Macroeconomics, 2nd edition,
Blackwell, Chapters 1, 2, 4,.

6. Sheffrin, Steven, M. (1996), Rational Expectations, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press.

AGRI 308 INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY 3(2+1)

Unit I

Introduction to life: Characteristics of living organisms. Hierarchy of organisation and factors responsible for regulating different levels of organisations. Structure of Prokaryotic and Kukaryotic cell. Basic concept of State and Homeostasis.

Introduction to Biomolecules: Definition, general classification and important functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins.

Enzymes as biocatalysts: General characteristics, nomenclature and classification of Enzymes. Effect of temperature, pH, enzyme and substrate concentrations on the activity of enzymes. Elementary concept of cofactors and coenzymes.

Unit II

Biodiversity :

(i) Plant System : Basic concepts of plant growth, nutrition, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. Types of Growth regulators and their physiological effects.

(ii) Animal System : Elementary Study of Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Excretory systems and their functions.

(iii) Microbial System : History of Microbiology, types of microbes and properties. Economic importance and control of microbes.

Unit III

Evolution: Theories of evolution. Mendel’s laws of inheritance. Variation and speciation.

Genetic: Cell division – Mitosis and Meiosis. Evidence of nucleic acids as a genetic material. Central Dogma.

Genetic Engineering : Elementary knowledge of Recombinant DNA Technology, Bio-informatics and Genomics.

Unit IV

Introduction to Biotechnology : Definition, scope and achievements. Tools used in biotechnology.

Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture, Medicine and Environment – an elementary knowledge.

Prospects and public perception of Biotechnology.

Text/ Reference Books:

Cell Biology and Genetics. 9th edition. Starr, C. and Taggard; R. (2001) Thomson Learning USA.
Life Science of Biology 6th edition Purves W.K.; Sadava, D.; Orians, G.H. and Heller, H.C. (2001). W.H. Freeman & company, USA.
Basic Biotechnology. Ratledge, C. and Kristiansen, B. (2001) Cambridge University Press.
Basic Biotechnology. Ignacimuthu, S.J. (2002) Tata McGraw-Hill Pub., New Delhi
Genes VII Lewis Benjamin (2002). Oxford Univ. Press Oxford.
Biotechnology 3rd Edition. Smith, J.E. (2003) Cambridge University Press.

AGRI 309 PLANTATION MANAGEMENT 2(1+1)

Unit I

An overview of Plantation Sector - Introduction to Plantation Industry – Plantation Sector and National Economy – Globalization and WTO implications on Plantations – Entrepreneurship Development.

Unit II

Principles of Plantation Management – Importance and role of Management – Technology and Operations Management – Functional Dimensions of Commodity Boards – International Commodity Organizations and Agreements.

SEMESTER – IV

AIT 410 Programming for web portals – (PHP/JAVA/.NET) 3(1+2)

Languages

Unit I
Review Of HTML/DHTML, VBScript. Installation and Managing WEB-Server: Internet Information Server (IIS) / Personal Web Server (PWS).

Unit II
Active Server Pages (ASP): Concept of ASP, features of ASP, other equivalent tools – JSP, PHP;
Constants: String and Numeric;
Data types: Integer, Floating Point (Single, Double), String, Date, Boolean, Currency, Variant, Object;
Variables: Explicit and Implicit Declaration;
Operators:
Arithmetic: +, – (Unary and Binary), *, /, \(integer division) mod, ^;
Comparison: <, >, <=, >=, <>, =;
Logical: AND, OR, NOT, XOR, EQV, IMP;
String Operator: & or + (for Concatenation);

Unit III
Conversion functions: Abs(), CBool(), CByte(), CInt(), CStr(), CSng(), CLng(), CDate();
String Manipulation Functions: UCase(), LCase(), Len(), Left(), Right(), Mid(), LTrim(), InStr(), RTrim(), LTrim();
Time & Date Functions: Date(), Day(), Hour(), Left(), Len(), Minute(), Month(), Monthname(), Now();
Arrays: Declaration and use of 1 dimensional arrays;
Controls: IF..THEN, IF..THEN..ELSE..END IF, IF..THEN.. ELSEIF..THEN.. END IF, SELECT..CASE..END SELECT, FOR..NEXT, FOR EACH.. NEXT, DO WHILE..LOOP, DO.. LOOP WHILE, DO UNTIL . LOOP; Procedures and Functions, Passing parameters/arguments; Concept of object model structure (client to server and server to client);

Unit IV
Objects: Properties, Methods, Events, Setting Object properties, Retrieving Object properties,
calling objects/methods;
Types of Objects: Response, Request, Application, Session, Server, ASPError;
Response Object: Write Method, AddHeader, AppendToLog, BinaryWrite, Using Shortcuts <%=value/expr%>, Controlling information: Buffer, Flush Clear, End;
Request Object: Request Object Collection: QueryString, Form, ServerVariables, Cookies, ClientCertificate;
Application : Contents, Lock, Unlock, Remove, RemoveAll;
Text Files: Open and Read content from a text file;

Unit V
Working on Database: Inserting, Retrieving, Modifying/Updation of records from Tables in Databases using server objects (ADODB. Connection, ADODB. Recordset);
Server Variables: HTTP_User_Agent, REMOTE_ADDER, REMOTE_HOST, SERVER_NAME;

AGRI 410 ECONOMETRICS 3(2+1)

Unit I

Introduction, Meaning, definition and nature of econometrics. Subject matter of econometrics and relationship with other science.

Unit II

Objectives of econometrics, Data-types of data-Quantitative and qualitative data, sources of data.

Unit III

Econometric Models -linear and non-linear

Single Equation Linear Econometric Models- Simple Regression Model –estimation of Regression parameters in a Two Variable Linear Model (Method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)

Unit IV

Application of CLR model- Growth Rates-Linear Growth Rate-Compound Growth Rate

Multicollinearity, Autocorrelation & Heteroscedasticity – (meaning and sources –consequences-testing -remedies) and dummy variable

AIT 411 Project Management for Information Systems 3(2+1)

Project Management: Issues in Project Management, Management Functions, Software Project Management Plan, Software Management Structure, Personnel Productivity, Software Project Complexity, Software Metrics – Basic Consideration, Size Oriented and Function Point Oriented; Software Cost Estimation Techniques, Algorithmic Cost Modeling, The COCOMO Model, Project Scheduling, Software Project Planning, Scheduling Risk Management, Software quality---SEI CMM and ISO-9001.

AGRI 411 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT 3(2+1)

Unit I

Introduction, history and concepts of Environmental Technology

Unit II

Air Pollution: clean air definition – sources of air pollution. Air quality standards. Effect of air pollution on biological organisms. Ozone layer depletion. Air pollution control technologies. Management of air pollution.

Water Pollution: Water quality standards. Technologies for purification in the public water supply system. Sources of waste water. Waste water treatment technologies and recycling.

Soil Pollution: Sources and treatment technologies

Unit III

Industrial wastes: Wastes from primary industries (Agriculture, live stock & mining) primary industries (Food & chemicals) and from hospitals. Management of Industrial Wastes: Treatment technologies and 3 R’s Golden Rule of industrial waste management. Preventing industrial waste and pollution through cleaner production technology.

Hazardous wastes: Definition, characterization and sources. Environmental toxicity and threat to human health. Occupational health hazards of workers in industries. Management of hazardous wastes: safe storage, transport and disposal. The 3 R’s Golden Rule by reduction, reuse and recycling.

Unit IV

Bio remediation: Production of value added products (single cell protein and Biofuels) by waste recycling.

Green technologies and environmental protection.

Environmental Protection Act: Air, water, wild life protection and forest conservation acts.

References

1. Introduction to Environmental technology Ann Boyce. John Wiley and sons

2. Industrial and hazardous wastes Health impacts and management by plans. Rajiv K. Sinha and Sunil heart.

3. Encyelopoedia of Environmental Sciences vol.22. Water pollution by P.R. Trivedia and Gurudeepraj.

4. An introduction to Air Pollution by R.K. Trivedi and P.K. Goel. B.S Publications.

AGRI 412 eCommerce and Retailing Entrepreneurship 3(2+1)

Unit I
History of e-commerce, definition, classification- B2B, B2C, C2C, G2C, B2G sites, e-commerce in education, financial, auction, news, entertainment sectors, Doing eCommerce.

Unit II
Electronic payment systems – credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, e-credit accounts, e-money, security concerns in e commerce, authenticity, privacy, integrity, non-repudiation, encryption, secret key cryptography, public key cryptography, SET, SSL, digital signatures, firewalls.

Unit III
Marketing on the web, marketing strategies, creating web presence, advertising, customer service and support, web branding strategies, web selling models

Unit IV
M-commerce; case study of two internationally successful e-commerce web sites and two Kerala-based e-commerce web sites; IT act (India) and e-commerce.

Unit V
Meaning of Entrepreneurship – Role of Entrepreneurship – Quality of Entrepreneurship

Unit VI

Types of Retail Trade:
– Itinerant retailers and fixed shops.
– Departmental store, super market, malls, chain store, mail order business, consumer’s cooperative

store.
– Automatic Vending Machine
Role of Chamber of Commerce and Industry in promotion of internal trade.

AIT 412 Design and Management of Web Portals 3(2+1)

Unit I

Web Portals

Definition, History, Types of Web Portals (Horizontal Vs. Vertical, Personal, Regional, Government, Corporate, Stock, Tender, Hosted, Domain Specific), Web Portal Services (Search Engine, Indexing, FAQ, RSS Feeds, E-mail Alerts, Live Chat, Blog), Issues in Web Portal Design and Management.

Unit II

HTML/DHTML
Introduction, Objectives, Introduction to Universal Resource Identifier (URI) – Fragment Identifiers and Relative URI’s, History of HTML, SGML, Structure of HTML/DHTML Document, Switching between opened Windows and browser (Container tag, Empty tag, Attribute);

Basic Tags of HTML: HTML, HEAD, TITLE, BODY (Setting the Fore color and Background color, Background Image, Background Sound), Heading tag (H1 to H6) and attributes (ALIGN), FONT tag and Attributes (Size: 1 to 7 Levels, BASEFONT, SMALL, BIG, COLOR), P, BR, Comment in HTML (<! >), Formatting Text (B, I, U, EM, BLOCKQUOTE, PREFORMATTED, SUB, SUP, STRIKE), Ordered List- OL (LI, Type- 1, I, A, a; START, VALUE), Unordered List – UL (Bullet Type- Disc, Circle, Square, DL, DT, DD), ADDRESS Tag;

Creating Links: Link to other HTML documents or data objects, Links to other places in the same HTML documents, Links to places in other HTML documents; Anchor Tag <A HREF> and <A NAME>, Inserting Inline Images <IMG ALIGN, SRC, WIDTH, HEIGHT, ALT, Image Link, Horizontal Rules <HR ALIGN, WIDTH, SIZE, NOSHADE>; Web Page Authoring Using HTML

Tables: Creating Tables, Border, TH, TR, TD, CELLSPACING, CELLPADDING, WIDTH, COLSPAN, CAPTION, ALIGN, CENTER;

Frames: Percentage dimensions, Relative dimensions, Frame – Src, Frameborder, height and width, Creating two or more rows Frames <FRAMESET ROWS >, Creating two or more Columns Frames <FRAMESET COLS >, <FRAME NAME SRC MARGINHEIGHT MARGINWIDTH SCROLLING AUTO NORESIZE>, <NOFRAMES>, </NOFRAMES>;

Forms: Definition, Use – Written to a file, Submitted to a database such as MSAccess or Oracle, Emailed to someone in particular, Forms involve two-way communication;

Form Tags: FORM, <SELECT NAME, SIZE, MULTIPLE / SINGLE> <OPTION> … </SELECT>, <TEXTAREA NAME ROWS COLS > , , </TEXTAREA>, METHOD, CHECKBOX, HIDDEN, IMAGE, RADIO, RESET, SUBMIT, INPUT <VALUE, SRC, CHECKED, SIZE, MAXLENGTH, ALIGN>;

Unit III

Document Object Model
Concept and Importance of Document Object Model, Dynamic HTML documents and Document
Object Model.
Cascading Style Sheets
Introduction to Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), three ways of introducing the style sheets to your document. Basic Syntax; Creating and saving cascading style sheets. <STYLE> tag. Examples showing the linking of external style sheet files to a document; Inline and Embed, <DIV> tag; COLOR, BACKGROUND-COLOR, FONT-FAMILY, FONT-STYLE, FONT-SIZE and FONTVARIANT; FONTWEIGHT, WORD-SPACING, LETTER-SPACING, TEXTDECORATION, VERTICAL-ALIGN, TEXT-TRANSFORM; TEXT-ALIGN, TEXT-INDENT, LINEHEIGHT, Introduction to Margin, Padding and Border; MARGINS (all values), MARGIN-PROPERTY, PADDIND (all values), PADDINGPROPERTY; BORDER (all values), BORDER-PROPERTY, BACKGROUNDIMAGE,
BACKGROUNDREPEAT; Additional Features, Grouping Style Sheets, Assigning Classes; Introduction to Layers, <LAYER>, <ILAYER> tag;

Unit IV
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

XML: Introduction;
Features of XML: XML can be used with existing protocols, Supports a wide variety of applications, Compatible with SGML, XML documents are reasonably clear to the layperson; Structure of XML: Logical Structure, Physical Structure;
XML Markup: Element Markup i.e(<foo>Hello</foo>), Attribute Markup i.e.(<!element.name property=”value”>);
Naming Rules: used for elements and attributes, and for all the descriptors, Comments Entity
Declarations :<! ENTITY name “replacement text”>;
Element Declarations: <!ELEMENT name content>;
Empty Elements: <!ELEMENT empty.element EMPTY>;
Unrestricted Elements: <!ELEMENT any.element ANY>;
Element Content Models : Element Sequences i.e. <!ELEMENT counting(first, second, third, fourth)>, Element Choices <!ELEMENT choose(this.one | that.one)>, Combined Sequences and Choices;
Element Occurrence Indicators :-Discussion of Three Occurrence Indicators
? (Question Mark)
* (Asterisk Sign)
+ (Plus Sign)
Character Content: PCDATA (Parseable Character data) <!ELEMENT text(#PCDATA), Document Type Declaration (DTD) and Validation;
Developing a DTD: Modify an existing SGML DTD, Developing a DTD from XML Code, either automatically or manually; Viewing XML in Internet Explorer, Viewing XML using the XML Data Source Object. XSL (Extensible Style Sheet Language) or CSS (Cascading Style Sheet);

AIT 413 Agricultural Information Portals Management 3(1+2)

Unit I

VBScript
Introduction, Adding VBScript code to HTML page, VBScript Data type-Variant subtypes, VBScript Variables: (Declaring variable, Naming restrictions, Assigning value to variables, Scalar variables and 1-D Array), VBScript Constants, VBScript Operators, and Operator precedence;
MsgBox: functions of message box (Prompt, Buttons, Title, Helpline, Context), Return values of MsgBox function, button argument setting.
Conditional statements: If..Then.. Else, Select case;
Loops: Do loops, While.. Wend, For.. Next, For..Each..Next;
VBScript variables: Sub procedures, Function procedures; Using VBScript with HTML form controls, Data handling functions, String functions, Date and Times functions;

Unit II

Multimedia And Authoring Tools - I

Graphics Devices: Monitor display configuration, Basics of Graphics Accelerator Card and its importance;
Basic concepts of Images: Digital Images and Digital Image Representation
Image Formats :TIFF, BMP, JPG/JPEG, GIF, PIC. PDF, PSD; Theory of design, form, line, space, texture, color, typography, layout, color harmony, unity, balance, proportion, rhythm, repetition, variety, economy, still life, light and shade, Poster Design; Still life, colored layout, Poster Design, Designing of Books, magazines brochures, children’s literature, narrative text handling, scripts in Indian Languages, picture books, comics, illustrations with photographs, scientific illustrations, conceptual illustrations, handling of assignment for the market; Image Scanning with the help of scanner: Setting up Resolution, Size, File formats of images; image preview, Bitonal, Grey Scale and color options; Significance of PDF- creation, modification; Animation, Morphing and Applications

Graphic Tools: Image Editing Software (Photoshop / Coreldraw) Basic Concepts: An Introduction, creating, Opening and saving files, Menus, Toolbox, Color control icons, Mode control icons, Window controls icons; creating new images, Image capture (TWAIN) from scanner other files;
Image Handling: Cropping an image, adjusting image size, increasing the size of the work canvas,
saving an image;
Layers: Adding layers, dragging and pasting selections on to layers, dragging layers between files, viewing and hiding layers, Editing layers, rotating selections, scaling an object, preserving layers transparency, moving and copying layers, duplicating layers, deleting layers, merging layers, using adjustment layers;
Channels and Masks: Channel palette, showing and hiding channels, splitting channels in to separate image, merging channels, creating a quick mask, editing masks using quick mask mode;
Painting and Editing: Brushes palette, brush shape, creating and deleting brushes, creating custom brushes, setting brush options, saving, loading and appending brushes, Options palette; Opacity, pressure, or exposure, paint fade-out rate, making selections, using selection tools, adjusting selections, softening the edges of a selection, hiding a selection border, moving and copying selections, extending and reducing selections, pasting and deleting selections, Image tracing (CorelDraw).
Concept of Multimedia: Picture/Graphics, Audio, Video;
Sound: Recording Sound using Sound Recorder (Capture), Sound capture through sound editing software (ex: Sound forge), Sound editing, Noise correction, Effect enhancement ; Voice Recognition Software Philips/Dragon, MIDI Player, Sound Recorder, MONO & Stereo. Sound
File Format: AIFF (Audio Input File Format from Apple Mac) , MIDI, WAV, MP3, ASF (Streaming format from Microsoft).
Importing audio and saving audio from Audio CD.
Sound Quality: CD Quality, Radio Quality, Telephone Quality;

Unit III

Multimedia and Authoring Tools – II

Movie File Formats: AVI, MPEG, SWF, MOV, DAT;
Movie Frames: Concept of Frame, Frame Buffer, and Frame Rate; Authoring Tools; Making Animation, Embedding Audio/Video, and Embedding on the web page;
Multimedia Authoring Using Macromedia Flash
Making of Simple Flash Movie, Setting Properties, Frame Rate, Dimensions, and Background Color;
Scene: Concept of Scene, Duplicate Scene, Add Scene, Delete Scene, and Navigating between Scenes;
Layers: Concept of Layer, Layer Properties, Layer Name, Show/Hide/Lock layers, Type of Layer – Normal/Guide/Mask, Outline Color, Viewing Layer as outline, Layer Height, Adding/deleting a layer;
Frame: Concept of Frame; Creating a Key Frame, Inserting Text Into the Frame, Inserting Graphical Elements into the
frame, Converting Text/Graphics to Symbol, Inserting Symbol into the Frame, Setting Symbol inserting Key Frame into the Blank frame, Selecting all/Specific frames of a Layer, Copying/Pasting selected Frames,
Special Effects: Motion Tweening, Shape Tweening, Color effect, Inserting Sound Layer; Testing a Scene and Movie;
Import/Export (Movie/Sound and other multimedia objects)
Publishing: Publishing A Flash Movie; Changing publish Settings; Producing SWF(Flash Movie), HTML page, GIF image, JPEG Image (*.jpg), PNG Image, Windows Projector (*.exe), Macintosh Projector (*.hqx), Quick Time (*.mov), Real Player (*.smil); Testing with Publish Preview

Unit IV

Case studies

Discussion on Agricultural Portals in market.

AIT 414 Communications Theory/Computer Networks 3(3+0)

Unit I

Overview of Data Communications and Networking: Introduction, Network Models, Signals, Digital Transmission, Analog Transmission, Multiplexing, Transmission Media, Circuit Switching and Telephone Network.

Unit II

Basics of Digital Communications: Signals, noise, Nyquist’s rate, Fourier transforms of signals, harmonics, Baseband and broadband transmission: modulation techniques; fundamentals of modems; local loop Implementation.

Unit III

Reference Models: ISO/OSI Model, TCP/IP Model, and Comparison of the models. Data Link Layer: DLL design issues, error detection & correction, elementary data link protocols, sliding window protocols, HDLC, DLL in ATM .

Unit IV

Digital transmission of voice: PCM, ADPCM, time division multiplexing; T1, T3 formats. Fibre optics: basic principles; SONET;technologies. VSAT technology: TDMA, DAMA; point-to-point wireless communication (microwave).

Unit V

Local Area Networks: Ethernet (CSMA/CD operation; parameters, specifications, limitations); cabling (Ethernet, Fast-Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet; hubs, patch panels, wiring closets).

Unit VI

Bridges; switches; virtual LANs; 100BaseT; 100BaseVGANY; gigabit Ethernet; FDDI; token ring; wireless networks; ISDN, BISDN.

Text Books:

1. W. Stallings, “Data and Computer Communications”, 7th Ed, Prentice Hall of India, 2004, 7th ed.

2. B. A. Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking”, 3rd Ed, McGraw Hill, 2004.

SEMESTER - V

AIT 515 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 3(2+1)

Unit I

Distributed Processing : Introduction – Distributed computing Models – Load Balancing – RPC – Process Migration - Hardware Concepts – Switched Multiprocessor – Bus based multi computers – Switched Multi computers – Software Concepts – Network Operating System and NFS – Time Distributed System. Design Issues: Transparency – Flexibility – Reliability – performance and Scalability.

Unit II

Communications in distributed system : The Client/Server Model – Blocking versus Non Blocking Primitives – Buffered Versus Unbuffered primitives – Implementation of Client/Server model.

Unit III
Synchronization in distributed system : Clock Synchronization in distributed systems – Clock Synchronization – Multi exclusion – Electron algorithms – Atomic transaction – Dead lock distributed system – Thread usage an implementation of thread packages – Processor allocation.

Unit IV

Distributed File System : File Service interface – Semantics of file sharing – Distributed file system Implementation of new trends in distributed file system. Distributed databases : Distributed DBMS Architecture – Storing Data in a Distributed DBMS – Distributed DBMS – Distributed catalog Management – Distributed query processing – Updating distributed data – Distributed transaction management – Distributed Concurrency control – Recovery.

Reference Books :

1. Advanced Concepts in Operating System by Mukesh Singal and Shivaratri N.G., McGraw Hill.
2. Modern Operating System by Tanenbaum A.S, PHI.
3. Distributed Computing – Concepts and Design by Pradeep K.Sinha, PHI.

AIT 516 APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS IN AGRICULTURE 2(1+1)

Unit I THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

Introduction - Need of GPS - How it works - Accuracy of GPS

Unit II The GPS satellite system

Components and Basic Facts of GPS

Components of a GPS

1. The Control Segment

2. The Space Segment

3. The User Segment

Unit III Surveying with GPS

1. Methods of Observations

Absolute Positioning

Relative Positioning

Differential GPS

The Reference station

The Mobile station

Data link

Kinematics GPS

2. GPS Receivers

Navigation Receivers

Surveying Receivers

Geodetic Receivers

3. Computation of coordinates in GPS

Transformation from Global to Local Datum

Geodetic Coordinates to Map Coordinates

GPS Heights and Mean Sea Level Heights

Unit IV Factors that affect GPS

Reference Station in GPS

Real Use of GPS

GPS Applications

Future of GPS Technology

GPS in INDIA

AIT 517 GIS IN AGRICULTURE 3(2+1)

UNIT I

Introduction to Geographical Information System (GIS); Introduction maps and spatial information, components of a GIS; GIS Internals – data representation- raster and vector data structures and analysis techniques.

UNIT II

Digital Elevation Models; Data input, verification, storage and output.

UNIT III

Spatial modelling- manual and automatic digitizing process; Data errors in GIS; Classification methods-multivariate analysis and classification.

UNIT IV

Spatial interpolation; Current and potential uses of GIS in agricultural planning; Software components used in GIS; GIS in India.

UNIT V

Data acquisition system, satellite image acquisition; Data collections: pre-processing and data storage; Visual and digital image interpretation; Digital image processing.

Practical

Digitization of a map with the help of a digitizer; Map editing; Georeferencing and map projections; Creation of attribute database and linking with spatial data; General analysis of the data with the help software;

Applications of digital elevation models using GIS; Spatial interpolations using GIS; Visual interpretations of remote sensing data; Geometric corrections of remote sensing digital data; Methods for improving quality of digital data and Techniques of image classifications.

Suggested Readings

Annadurai S & Shanmugalakshmi R. 2007. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing. Pearson Edu.

Burrough PA. 1986. Principles of Geographic Information System for Land Resources Assessment. Oxford Univ. Press.

Curran PJ. 1985. Principles of Remote Sensing. Longman.

Jensen JR. 1996. Introductory Digital Image Processing. Prentice Hall.

Lillesand TM & Kiefer RW. 1987. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. John Wiley.

Peuquet DJ & Marble DF. 1990. Introductory Readings in GeographicInformation System. Taylor & Francis.

AGRI 513 REMOTE SENSING OF NATURAL RESOURCES 3(2+1)

UNIT I

Basic components of remote sensing- signals, sensors and sensing systems; active and passive remote sensing.

UNIT II

Characteristics of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter; spectral features of earth's surface features; remote sensors in visible, infrared and microwave regions.

UNIT III

Imaging and non-imaging systems; framing and scanning systems; resolution of sensors; sensor platforms, their launching and maintenance.

UNIT IV

Data acquisition system, data preprocessing, storage and dissemination; digital image processing and information extraction.

UNIT V

Microwave remote sensing; visual and digital image interpretation; introduction to GPS.

UNIT VI

Digital techniques for crop discrimination and identification; crop stress detection – soil moisture assessment, inventory of ground water and satellite measurement of surface soil moisture and temperature; drought monitoring, monitoring of crop disease and pest infestation.

UNIT VII

Soil resource inventory; land use/land cover mapping and planning; integrated watershed development; crop yield modeling and crop production forecasting.

Practical

Acquisition of maps

Field data collection

Map and imagery scales

S/W and H/W requirements and specifications for remote sensing

Data products, their specifications, media types, data inputs, transformation, display types, image enhancement

Image classification methods

Evaluation of classification errors

Crop discrimination and acreage estimations

Differentiation of different degraded soils

Time domain reflectometry

Use of spectrometer and computation of vegetation indices

Demonstration of case studies

Hands on training

Suggested Readings

Bishnoi OP. 2007. Principles of Agricultural Meteorology. Oxford Book Co.

Colwell RN. (Ed.). Manual of Remote Sensing. Vols. 1, II. Am. Soc. Photogrammetry, Virginia.

Curan PJ. Principles of Remote Sensing. ELBS/Longman.

Georg Joseph 2005. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing. University Press (India).

Jain AK. 1989. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice Hall of India.

Narayan LRA. 1999. Remote Sensing and its Applications. Oscar Publ.

Patel AN & Surender Singh 2004. Remote Sensing: Principles and Applications. Scientific Publ.

AGRI 514 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 3(3+0)

Unit: 1

Concept of supply chain, Integrated supply chain, Growth of Supply chain, Strategic decision in supply chain.

Unit: 2

Definition of Supply Chain Management, Scope, Supply Chain Management as a Management Philosophy, Function of SCM, Why Supply Chain Management, Value chain for Supply Chain Management

Unit: 3

Customer focus in Supply Chain Management, Buyers Perspective, Suppliers Perspective,Stages of Development in Supplier Relations.

Unit: 4

Supply Chain Strategies – (i) Cycle View (ii) Push & Pull View.

Achievement of strategic fit through different steps, Obstacles to achieving Strategic Fit.

Unit: 5

Role of Forecasting in a supply chain, Factors of Demand Forecast, Basic approach to Demand Forecasting, Role of Aggregate Planning in a Supply Chain, Problems, Planning Strategies

Books:

1. Supply Chain Management – Sunil Chapra & Peter Meindl, PHI

2. Essentials of Supply Chain Management – Dr. R.P. Mohanty & Dr. S.G. Deshmukh, Jaico

Publishing House

3. Designing & Managing The Supply Chain David Simchi-Levi , Philip Kamiusky, Edith Simchi-

Levi, TATA Mc-Graw Hill

AGRI 515 ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING 3(3+0)

Unit I

Enterprise Resource Planning –Introduction - What is ERP - Need of ERP - Advantages of ERP
Growth of ERP

Unit II

ERP and Related Technologies
Business process Reengineering (BPR)
Management Information System (MIS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
Data Warehousing, Data Mining
Online Analytical Processing (OLTP)
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Unit III
ERP modules & Vendors
Finance
Production planning, control & maintenance
Sales & Distribution
Human Resource Management (HRM)
Inventory Control System
Quality Management
ERP Market

Unit IV

ERP Implementation Life Cycles
Evaluation and selection of ERP package
Project planning
Implementation team training & testing
End user training & Going Live
Post Evaluation & Maintenance

Unit V

ERP Case Studies
Post implementation review of ERP Packages in Manufacturing, Services, and
other Organizations

Reference Books:
Enterprise Resource Planning – Alexis Leon
ERP Ware: ERP Implementation Framework –
V.K. Garg & N.K. Venkitakrishnan
ERP: By Leon, ERP Concepts and Planning – Garg & Venkitakrishnan

AGRI 516 COMMODITY MARKETING 3(3+0)

Introduction to commodity trade and marketing system - market formation in agriculture - determinants of market supply and demand - market integration - price determination and price discovery in commodity markets – dimensions of transportation (space) and storage (time) - marketing efficiency and regulation - managing commodity risk - current issues and trends in commodity trade and marketing

Text Book:

1. S. S. Acharya, A State of the Indian Farmer - A Millennium Study, (New Delhi: Academic Foundation, Vol.17).

2. R. L. Kohls and J.N. Uhl, Marketing of Agricultural Products, (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Inc., 9th Edition).

AGRI 517 FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2(1+1)

Unit 1 Introduction to Nanotechnology

Thermoelectric Devices, Energy Storage, Nano Composites, Carbon. Nanotube Production Processes.

Nano Composites. Nanotechnology. Nano-nutraceuticals and nano-functional food, Nano capsules, Nanocochleates, Nanoclusters, Food packaging, Polymer. Nanocomposites.

Unit 2 Applications of nanotechnology in food preservation

Applications of nanotechnology in food industry -Neutra-ceuticals, Packaging, Filtration, Food safety, Biotechnology, Biomedicine and Nanobiotechnology. Mechano-bioengineering, Biodevice Technology, Nanotechnology and Materials Science for Nanoscale Cell Therapy and Nano Bioelectronics

Unit 3

Nanostructures for advanced photonics, Silicon-based integrated nanoelectronics, Physics and technology of semiconductor nanostructures and Spintronics: fundamentals and applications.

Unit 4

Carbon Nanotubes: Nanoclay its properties and use, Nanofiltration and its applications, biosensor technology, Cleaning and Disinfection. Advanced biomedical science and technology bound to the drug discovery.

Laboratory

Fluids lab / bulk fluids vs. nanofluids / flow characteristics
Basic instrumentation lab – Lab Spreadsheet
Thin-film / thick-film sensor technology overview (explain the overall parametric response of a nanostructured thin-film sensor as a function of temperature and adsorbed water vapour)
Adsorption and desorption of vapor-phase materials on solid surfaces & mean free path definitions and calculations
Introduction to thin-film & thick-film materials and techniques
MRDL sensor fabrication
MRDL sensor fabrication
Sensor testing – Team1 “Spreadsheet”, Team2 "Spreadsheet"
Sensor testing, Sensor testing – RH Data

Assignment: 1

a) Plot the baseline data (Rs and Cs) of Sensor 1 as a function of temperature.

b) Interpret the baseline data and explain the response of the sensor.

c) Compare your results with Group 2 and explain any anomalies.

d) Plot the RH data (Rs and Cs) from the second part of the experiment.

e) Interpret and explain the data. If the data appear linear, extrapolate to 100% RH.

Assignment: 2

a) Plot the baseline data (Rs and Cs) of Sensor 2 as a function of temperature.

b) Interpret the baseline data and explain the response of the sensor.

c) Compare your results with Group 1 and explain any anomalies.

d) Plot the RH data (Rs and Cs) from the second part of the experiment.

e) Interpret and explain the data. If the data appear linear, extrapolate to 100% RH.

Book :

Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture
Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, Bhushan, Bharat (Ed.), 2nd rev. and extended ed., 2007, XLIV, 1916 p. 1593. ISBN: 978-3-540-29857-1
Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, by Bharat Bhushan
Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Design:... by Daniel L. Schodek
Nanotechnology in Food and Agriculture: Fundamentals, Applications, and Future Directions - Hardcover (May 23, 2011) by Frewer (Publisher: Wiley-Interscience (May 23, 2011), ISBN-10: 0470261145, ISBN-13: 978-0470261149)

AIT 518 BIOINFORMATICS COMPUTING 2 (1+1)

Introduction to Biomolecular and central dogma of molecular biology.,Carbohydrates, lipids. Proteins, nucleic acids – concepts, Brief introduction of DNA and RNA, Gene expression, Protein synthesis , Genomic rearrangement and DNA repair , Protein Folding, Protein Engineering and drug design.

Organization of biological data (Databases raw and processed) querying in the databases.

Primers in biology ( Design and primers and different kinds of primers used in analysis).

Combinatorial problems in biology, Gene finding, motif finding and multiple sequence alignment.

Mechanism and flow of information in biology, Management and analysis of biological data Protein sequence analysis (Theory and algorithms), Protein structure analysis and applications.

Genome analysis, Exploration of databases, Retrieval of desired data, blast etc.

Data mining on large data bases of biological data

SEMESTER - VI

AIT 619 PARALLEL COMPUTING 3 (3+0)

Unit 1 Introduction to Parallel Computing

 Basic concepts about program/process/ thread concurrent Execution Parallel Execution,

granularity, Potential of Parallelism

 Need of Parallel Computation

 Levels of parallel processing

 Parallel processing Vs. Parallel computing

 Dataflow Computing concept

 Applications of parallel processing

o Scientific Applications / Image processing

o Engineering Application

o Database query / Answering applications

o AI Applications

o Mathematical simulations and modeling

Unit 2 Classification of Parallel Computers

 Types of Classification

 Flynn’s/ Handler classification

 UMA / NUMA /COMA

 Loosely coupled / tightly coupled

 Classification based grain size and Instruction level parallelism

Unit 3 Interconnection Network

 Need of Interconnection Network

 Concept Bandwidth Nod degree diameter bisection bandwidth, In degree and Out degree

 Static and Dynamic Interconnection network

 Omega, Parallel Shifter, Bens, permutation, hypercube, butterfly,

 Shuffle exchange Network

Unit 4 Parallel Computer Architecture

 Introduction to various computer architecture

 Pipeline processing

 Vector / Array processing

 VLIW and Super scalar architecture

 Associative architecture

Multithreaded architecture

Unit 5 Recent Trends for Parallel Computer

 Development of last 3 years

 Multicompontent CPU

 Apex architecture IA 64

 Hyperthreading

AGRI 618 CROP SIMULATION MODELS 2 (1+1)

Unit 1

Principles of Plant Breeding

Important conventional methods of breeding self and cross-pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops; non conventional methods; polyploidy: genetic variability; plant diseases and defensive mechanisms. System physiology – plant.

Photosynthesis, Respiration and photorespiration, Nitrogen metabolism, Plant hormones, Sensory photobiology, Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: uptake, transport and translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration; mechanisms of loading and unloading of photoassimilates, Secondary metabolites - biosynthesis of terpenes, phenols and nitrogenous compounds and their roles, Stress physiology: responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature and salt) stresses; mechanisms of resistance to biotic stress and tolerance to abiotic stress.

Unit 2

Regional Yield Estimation Using A Crop Simulation Model: Concepts, Methods, And Validation.

Use of crop simulation models in the analysis of regional agricultural production systems - develop and test an approach to estimate regional crop yields using a crop simulation model – use of historical climate data, representative soil series, crop varieties, and planting times for the region under simulations.

Science of producing: energy crops (grain and starch), protein and oilseed crops, animals and animal products, aquaculture, fish and seafood, other food crops and food sources.

Simulated crop production and science-based decisions - an understanding of scientific principles behind the choices made when the crops need fertilizer, insect control, irrigation, weed control, harvesting, and marketing.

Unit 3

Crop growth models for decision support systems:

Crop models - soil water flow, photosynthesis and nutrient balance, leachm- a process-based model of water and solute movement, transformations and chemical reactions in the unsaturated soil zone. Crop models - as tools for assessing agricultural management strategies and their interaction with climatic risk. Use of empirical equations or a summary model derived from a comprehensive model and the use of a user-friendly interface.

Use of thermal time (predict plant development) and use of potential evaporation to predict actual water evaporation from the plant and the soil.

Level of simplicity for an application model, model validation, decision support systems

Precision farming: challenges and future directions, nutrient management, nitrogen management,crop management in dryland wheat systems, nutrient management in irrigated rice systems, guidance systems and autonomous machines, soil – crop simulation models.

Soil and plant sensors, remote sensing, innovative field experimentation.

Generating daily future climate scenarios for crop simulation: victorian climate change adaptation programme (vccap) using climate generation, crop modelling and hydrological components of the catchment analysis tool (cat) landscape model.

The impacts of climate change on crop yield.

Methods: generation of climate changed data, methods of applying climate changed data, spatial scaling of point-source climate data,

Unit 4

Crops and climate change: progress, trends, and challenges in simulating impacts and informing adaptation

Assessments of the relationships between crop productivity and climate change rely upon a combination of modelling and measurement. Application of these methods to the exploration of adaptation options. Challenges associated with impacts and adaptation research. Reliable quantification of uncertainty, techniques for combining diverse modelling approaches and observations that focus on fundamental processes, judicious choice and calibration of models, including simulation at appropriate levels of complexity that accounts for the principal drivers of crop productivity, which may well include both biophysical and socio-economic factors.

Unit 5

Large-area crop modelling

Basis in observed relationships, appropriate complexity, high fraction of observable parameters, ensemble modelling, Understanding biophysical processes under climate change: direct impact of atmospheric composition, indirect impact of atmospheric composition, interactions between biophysical processes. Future trends and challenges: synergistic approaches to yield prediction, combining biophysical and socio-economic drivers, linking simulation with adaptation.

Unit 6

Methodology

Software system: Integration of crop models and gis. Methods for creating spatial data, simulation conditions, challenges. Modeling extremes of wheat and maize crop performance in the tropics, Sensitivity analysis of a crop simulation model (stics) and simtalk.

Unit 7

Manufacturing simulation with plant simulation

Procedure of simulation, formulation of problems, test of the simulation-worthiness, formulation of targets, data collection, modeling, executing simulation runs, result analysis and result interpretation, documentation.

Unit 8

Plant simulation

First steps, online, introductory example, the program, the program window, the class library, design of the model, insert objects into the frame, connect the objects, define the settings of the objects, run the simulation, modeling, object-related modeling.

Plant simulation 3d: sample project, views and move in plant simulation 3d Crop growth and productivity: monitoring and simulation using remote sensing and gis. Introduction: leaf area index (lai) using rs-data, crop simulation models, Gis and its use for crop monitoring: introduction to gis. Using rs & gis for crop monitoring, interfacing crop simulation models to gis - (a) linking, b) combining, (c) integrating.

Demonstrated applications of csm interfaced with gis, precision farming, agro-ecological zonation, evaluating agricultural land use options.

Linking crop simulation models to rs inputs & gis: Direct use of driving variable, Forcing strategy, Development of a rs-based cgms for wheat in india, The development of the meres (methane emissions in rice eco-systems) model. Crop models as tools to simulate in-field water harvesting Under different soi scenarios: introduction, materials and methods.

AIT 620 HIGH PERFORMACE COMPUTING 3 (2+1)

UNIT I: Cluster Computing

Cluster setup & its Administration, Performance Models & Simulations; Networking, Protocols & I/O, Lightweight Messaging systems, Active Messages

UNIT II: Cluster Computing

Distributed shared memory, parallel I/O Clusters, Jib and Resource management system, scheduling parallel jobs on clusters

UNIT III:Cluster Computing

Load sharing and Fault tolerance manager, parallel programming scheduling techniques, Dynamic load balancing Example Cluster System – Beowlf, COMPaS and NanOS

UNIT IV: Grid Computing

Data & Computational Grids, Grid Architectures and its relations to various Distributed Technologies

UNIT V: Autonomic Computing

Autonomic Computing, Examples of the Grid Computing Efforts (IBM)

UNIT VI: Pervasive Computing

Pervasive Computing concepts & Scenarios, Hardware & Software, Human - machine interface

Device connectivity, Java for Pervasive devices, Application examples

UNIT VII: Cloud Computing

History, Working of cloud computers, pros and cons of cloud computing, developing cloud services, cloud computer web based applications

UNIT VIII: Quantum Computing

Introduction to Quantum Computing, QUbits, Quantum Mechanics, Quantum gates, Applications of quantum computing.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. J. Joseph & C. Fellenstein, Grid Computing, PEA.

2. Raj Kumar Buyya, High performance cluster computing, PEA.

3. J.Burkhardt et .al, Pervasive computing, PEA.

4. Vishal Sahni, Quantum computing, TMH.

5. Marivesar, Approaching quantum computing, PEA.

6. Neilsen & Chung L, Quantum computing and Quantum Information, Cambridge University

Press.

AIT 621 OPEN SOURCE DATA BASES AND KDD (KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY DATABASES) 3 (2+1)

Unit I
Introduction - motivation, fundamental concepts, data source and knowledge types.
Data Warehouse and OLAP Technology for knowledge discovery.
Data Preparation - methods.
Data Preparation - characteristics of data.

Unit II
Mining frequent patterns and associations - basic concepts, efficient and scalable frequent itemset mining methods.
Multi-level association rules, association mining and correlation analysis, constraint-based association rules.

Unit III
Classification and prediction - basic concepts, decision tree, Bayesian classification, rule-based classification.
Classification by means of neural networks, SVM classifier, other classification methods, prediction.

Unit IV
Cluster analysis - basic concepts, types of data in cluster analysis, partitioning and hierarchical methods. Other clustering methods.

Unit V
Introduction to mining data stream, time-series and sequence data.
Introduction to mining in graphs, spatial and multimedia data.
Mining in biological data.
Text mining, mining the Web.

Reference Books :

Han, J., Kamber, M.: Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. Second Edition. Elsevier Inc., 2006, 770 p., ISBN 1-55860-901-3.
Dunham, M.H.: Data Mining. Introductory and Advanced Topics. Pearson Education, Inc., 2003, 315 p., ISBN 0-13088-892-3.
Han, J., Kamber, M.: Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. Second Edition. Elsevier Inc., 2006, 770 p., ISBN 1-55860-901-3.

AIT 622 SPSS, MATLAB AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY 3 (1+2)

SPSS

Installing the Data

Installing files from the Internet

Installing files from the diskette

Introducing the interface

The data view

The variable view

The output view

The draft view

The syntax view

What the heck is a crosstab?

Entering and modifying data

Creating the data definitions: the variable view

Variable types

Variable names and labels

Missing values

Non-numeric numbers, or when is a number not a number?

Binary variables

Creating a new data set

Getting help in creating data sets and defining variables

Creating primary reference lists

Frequencies

Descriptive statistics: descriptives (univariate)

Recodes and Transformations

Backup the original file

Recoding existing variables

Recode income data

Recoding variables revisited

The one exception in recoding variables

The other exception

Charting your data

Using the automated chart function

Using the Interactive Chart function

Creating a chart from scratch

Statistical procedures

Introduction

Measuring association

Bivariate correlations

Partial correlation

Multiple correlation (multiple regression)

Crosstabs

Measuring differences

T-Tests

ANOVA

MATLAB

MATLAB Basics

The basic features

Vectors and matrices

Built-in functions

Plotting

Programming in MATLAB

M-files: Scripts and functions

Loops

If statement

Scalar Calculations

Simple Arithmetical Operations

Variables

Round-o_ Errors

Formatting Printing

Common Mathematical Functions

Complex Numbers

Arrays: Vector and Matrix Calculations

Generating Matrices

The Colon Operator

Manipulating Matrices

Simple Arithmetical Operations

Operator Precedence

Common Mathematical Functions

Data Manipulation Commands

Advanced Topic: Multidimensional Arrays

Be Able To Do

Anonymous Functions, Strings, and Other Data Types

Anonymous Functions

Passing Functions as Arguments to Commands

Strings

Cell Arrays and Structures

Advanced Topic: Data Types and Classes

Graphics

Two-Dimensional Graphics

Three-Dimensional Graphics

Advanced Topic: Commands

Advanced Topic: Handles and Properties

Advanced Topic: GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces)

Solving Linear Systems of Equations

Square Linear Systems

Catastrophic Round-O_ Errors

Overdetermined and Underdetermined Linear Systems

File Input-Output

Some Useful Linear Algebra Commands

AIT 623 DATA MINING – JAVA/ORACLE 3 (2+1)

Unit I : Introduction

An Overview of data warehousing and data mining

Unit II : A Multi-dimensional data model

Multi-dimensional Data Cubes

Star, Star Flakes, & Fact Constellation Schema

Concept Hierarchies

OLAP

Unit III : Data Warehouse Architecture

Steps for design and construction of data warehouse

A 3-tier data warehouse architecture

ROLAP, MOLAP, HOLAP.

Unit IV : Data Pre-Processing

Overview, Need for pre-processing

Issues related to efficient data handling (Extraction, Transformation, And updating of large databases (ADDED)

Data Cleaning

Data Integration & Transformation

Data Reduction

Discretization & Concept Hierarchy Generation

Unit V : Data Warehouse Implementation

Efficient Computation of Data Cubes

Indexing OLAP Data

Efficient Processing of OLAP Queries

Metadata

Data warehouse Backend Tools & Utilities

Unit VI : Data mining Primitives, Language, & System Architecture

What defines a data mining task?

A data mining Query Language

Architecture of a Data mining System

Unit VII : Concept Description: Characterization & Comparison

An Overview

Data Generalization & Summarization-Based Characterization

Analytical Characterization: Analysis & Attribute Relevance

Mining Class Comparisons

Mining Descriptive Statistical Measures

Concept Description & Its Mining

Unit VIII : Mining Association Rules

Basic Concepts, Market Basket Analysis

Mining single-dimensional Boolean Association Rules from transactional database

Mining Multi-level Association Rules from transaction database

Mining multi-dimensional association rules from relational databases and data warehouses.

From Association Mining To correlation analysis

Unit IX : Classification & prediction

An Overview & Basic Concepts

Classification by decision tree induction

Bayesian Classification

Classification By Back Propagation

Classification Based on concepts from Association Rules Mining

Other methods, such as Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy Set Approach, Case Based Reasoning, Etc.

Prediction

Classifier Accuracy

Unit X : Time series analysis

Trend analysis

Forecasting

Smoothing techniques

Cyclical variation

Seasonal variation

Uses of seasonal index

Irregular variation

Text Book

Data mining: concepts and techniques by Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber

Reference Book

Principles of data mining by D. J. Hand, Heikki Mannila, Padhraic Smyth

AGRI 619 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE 3 (2+1)

Unit I Introduction to Weather and Climate

Atmosphere and its constituents, Synoptic observations- surface and upper air, Preparation of weather charts and their analysis, Diurnal variation of temperature, pressure, relative humidity, clouds etc., Tropical meteorology : Easterly Waves, ET-ITCZ, Inversion., Extratropical Meteorology: Air mass, Fronts- Frontogenesis and Frontolysis, Extratropical Cyclones and Anticyclones, Jet Streams, Synoptic systems in different seasons. Winter - Western disturbance, Rossby Waves, Westerly Jet Stream, Fog, Cold Wave etc.. Summer - Thunderstorms, Dust storms, Heat, wave, Cyclonic disturbances. Monsoon - Onset, Activity, Withdrawal, Breaks, Depressions, Easterly Jet Stream. Post Monsoon - Cyclones in the Indian Seas, N.E.,Monsoon.

Unit II Global Climatology

Global distribution of pressure and temperature at m.s.l. in winter and summer, distribution of annual rainfall and its variability, distribution of moisture and clouds. Vertical distribution of temperature. General circulation of atmosphere. Development of monsoons. Major categories of world climates. Indian Climatology - Different seasons. Distribution of Means Sea level pressure/temperature in different seasons. Wind circulation and temperature distribution over India in lower, middle and upper troposphere in different seasons. Indian rainfall in different seasons. Indian summer monsoon, onset, withdrawal, rainfall distribution, inter annual variability of monsoon. Main synoptic pressure systems causing weather over India in different seasons.

Unit III Observational Techniques

Conventional measurements of pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, visibility, clouds, soil temperature and humidity. Ocean temperature, salinity, wave height, currents. Self Recording instruments, Radiosondes, Radiometersondes, Ozone sonde.

Unit IV Satellite Meteorology

Polar orbiting and Geostationary satellites, Satellite systems: IRS and INSAT, Meteorological Images Multi-channel sensing, measurements of atmospheric, temperature, humidity, CO, Ozone, Clouds, Soil temperature and moisture, sea surface temperature, sea waves, ocean bed topography, future prospects.

Unit V Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere

Satellite Oceanography: An introduction to satellite remote sensing of the ocean. Propagation and sensing of EM waves and their interaction and scattering with the ocean's surface; Atmospheric absorption and scattering of microwave, visible and infrared radiation; Celestial mechanics for understanding orbital dynamics and geometric distortions; Brief review of electromagnetic wave theory, antenna patterns and ocean surface processes; Detailed survey of major instruments for measuring oceanographic variables from space; Applications of visible, infrared, and microwave observations using objective, multispectral, and characteristic vector analysis; Emphasis on new methodologies, error assessments, sampling considerations and data interpretation

AIT 624 MOBILE COMPUTING 3 (2+1)

UNIT- I
Introduction to Mobile Communications and Computing: Mobile Computing (MC): Introduction to MC, novel applications, limitations, and architecture GSM: Mobile services, System architecture, Radio interface, Protocols, Localization and calling, Handover, Security, and New data services.

UNIT- II
(Wireless) Medium Access Control: Motivation for a specialized MAC (Hidden and exposed terminals, Near and far terminals), SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA.

UNIT- III
Mobile Network Layer:Mobile IP (Goals, assumptions, entities and terminology, IP packet delivery, agent advertisement and discovery, registration, tunneling and encapsulation, optimizations), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

UNIT- IV
Mobile Transport Layer: Traditional TCP, Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP, Fast retransmit/fast recovery, Transmission /time-out freezing, Selective retransmission, Transaction oriented TCP.

UNIT- V
Database Issues: Hoarding techniques, caching invalidation mechanisms, client server computing with adaptation, power-aware and context-aware computing, transactional models, query processing, recovery, and quality of service issues.

UNIT- VI
Data Dissemination: Communications asymmetry, classification of new data delivery mechanisms, push-based mechanisms, pull-based mechanisms, hybrid mechanisms, selective tuning (indexing) techniques.

UNIT- VII
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs): Overview, Properties of a MANET, spectrum of MANET applications, routing and various routing algorithms, security in MANETs.

UNIT- VIII
Protocols and Tools:Wireless Application Protocol-WAP. (Introduction, protocol architecture, and treatment of protocols of all layers), Bluetooth (User scenarios, physical layer, MAC layer, networking, security, link management) and J2ME.

Text Books:
1). Jochen Schiller, “Mobile Communications”, Addison-Wesley. (Chapters 4, 7, 9, 10, 11), second edition, 2004.
2) Stojmenovic and Cacute, “Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing”, Wiley, 2002, ISBN 0471419028. (Chapters 11, 15, 17, 26 and 27)

Reference Books:
1) Reza Behravanfar, “Mobile Computing Principles: Designing and Developing Mobile

applications with UML and XML”, ISBN: 0521817331, Cambridge University Press,

October2004,
2) Adelstein, Frank, Gupta, Sandeep KS, Richard III, Golden , Schwiebert, Loren,

“Fundamentals of Mobile and Pervasive Computing”, ISBN: 0071412379, McGraw-Hill

Professional, 2005.
3) Hansmann, Merk, Nicklous, Stober, “Principles of Mobile Computing”, Springer, second

edition, 2003.
4) Martyn Mallick, “Mobile and Wireless Design Essentials”, Wiley DreamTech, 2003

SEMESTER - VII

AIT 725 OPERATING SYSTEM WITH UNIX/LINUX 3(2+1)

Unit I

Introduction, Role of an OS computer system, types of operating system.

Operating system structures ,System documents, OS services, system calls, system structure, concept of virtual machines.

Unit II

Process management

Process concept, process scheduling, cooperating processes, Inter process communication.

CPU scheduling

Basic concept, scheduling criteria, scheduling algorithms.

Unit III

Process synchronization

Critical section problem, synchronization hardware,semaphores, classical problems of

synchronization, critical regions, monitors.

Deadlocks

Deadlock characteristics, methods for handling deadlocks,deadlock prevention, deadlock

avoidance, deadlock detection, recovery from deadlocks, combined approach for deadlock

handling.

Unit IV

Memory Management

Logical versus Physical Address space, Swapping, Contiguous Allocation, Paging, Segmentation,

Segmentation with Paging

Virtual Memory

Demand Paging, Performance of Demand Paging, Page Replacement, Page-replacement

algorithms, Allocation of frames, Thrashing, Other Considerations, Demand segmentation

File-System Interface

File concept, Access methods, Directory Structure, Protection, Consistency

File-System Implementation

File-System Structure, allocation methods, Free-space Management, Directory Implementation,

Efficiency and performance

Unit V

I/O subsystems

I/O Hardware, Application I/O interface

Protection

Goals of protection, domain of protection, access matrix, implementation of access matrix,

revocation of access rights, capability based systems, languages based protection.

Security

The problem, authentication, one-time password program threats, system threats, threat

monitoring, encryption, computer security classification.

Case studies (UNIX, LINUX, WinNT)

Text Book

Operating System Concept : Silbertschatz, Galvin, 5ed.Addison Wesley.

Reference books

1. Operating system Concepts : Milan Malinkovic, TMH, 2nd ed.

2. Operating System : William Stallings, PHI, 2nd ed.

Practicals

Study of UNIX commands with all their important options
Program maintenance using make utility.
Study system calls related to process & process control
Study system calls related to file operations
Study of functions related to threads (POSIX)
Inter process communication (POSIX-IPC) using pipe
Inter process communication (POSIX-IPC) using shared memory
Study system calls related to semaphore
Simulation of deadlock handling algorithm: Banker’s algorithm
Simulation of Memory management algorithm: LRU page replacement algorithm

AIT 726 NETWORK SECURITY 3(2+1)

Unit I

Introduction to E-Commerce

Introduction to E-Commerce, Transactions on E-Commerce, Requirements of Security on ECommerce.

E-Commerce Terminology, Framework, Payment Scheme etc.

Concept of terms related to commerce in general & E-commerce in particular Buyer seller market.

Framework of B2B, B2C, C2C, E-Com models.

Security policy and security overview

Unit II

Conventional Encryption Techniques

Introduction, Basic encryption techniques, simplified DES, block cipher mode of operation, traffic

confidentiality and key distribution, Random Number Generation.

Public Key Cryptography

RSA algorithm, Key management, Elliptic Curve Cryptography,

Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange

Unit III

Message Authentication and Hash Functions

Authentication requirement, Functions, Message Authentication

Code (MAC), Hash Functions(SHA-1), Digital signature standard DSS).

Network Security

Authentication Protocols Like Kerberos, X.509 Directory Authentication Services.

Unit IV

IP security E-Mail Security

IP security overview, architecture, authentication header, Encapsulation security payload,

S/Mime, Web security, Firewall.

Safe Electronic commerce

Secure transport protocol, secure E-payment protocol, secure electronic transaction.

Text Books

1. Cryptography and Network Principles and Practice by Wiliam Stallings, Pearson Edu. 2003

2. Web Commerce Technology Handbook by Daniel Minoli and Emma Minoli, TMH (1999)

Reference Books

1. E-commerce : Business, Technology, Society by Pearson Edu. Asia

2. E-Commerce : A managerial Perspective by Samantha Shurety P

Practicals

Write program for Mono alphabetic cipher
Implementation of Vigenere cipher (Polyalphabetic substitution)
Implementation of Hill cipher
Implementation of Rail Fence cipher
Implementation of S-DES algorithm for data encryption
Implement RSA asymmetric (public key and private key)-Encryption. Encryption key (e, n) & (d, n)
Generate digital signature using Hash code
Generate digital signature using MAC code

AIT 727 ANDROID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT 3(2+1)

Unit I

Introduction to Android

History of Mobile Software Development, The Open Handset Alliance, The Android Platform, Android SDK, Building a sample Android application

Unit II

Android Application Design Essentials

Anatomy of an Android applications, Android terminologies, Application Context, Activities, Services, Intents, Receiving and Broadcasting Intents, Android Manifest File and its common settings , Using Intent Filter, Permissions, Managing Application resources in a hierarchy

Working with different types of resources

Unit III

Android User Interface Design Essentials

User Interface Screen elements, Designing User Interfaces with Layouts, Drawing and Working with Animation

Unit IV

Using Common Android APIs

Using Android Data and Storage APIs, Managing data using SQLite, Sharing Data Between Applications with Content Providers, Using Android Networking APIs, Using Android Web APIs, Using Android Telephony APIs

Unit V

Deploying Android Application to the World

Selling your Android application

Text Book

Lauren Darcey and Shane Conder, “Android Wireless Application Development”, Pearson

Education, 2nd ed. (2011)

Reference Books

1. Reto Meier, “Professional Android 2 Application Development”, Wiley India Pvt Ltd (2011)

2. Mark L Murphy, “Beginning Android”, Wiley India Pvt Ltd(2009)

3. Sayed Y Hashimi and Satya Komatineni, “Pro Android”, Wiley India Pvt Ltd(2009)

Practicals

Hello, Android
Creating Applications and Activities
Creating User Interfaces
Intents, Broadcast Receivers, Adapters, and the Internet
Data Storage, Retrieval, and Sharing
Maps, Geocoding, and Location-Based Services
Working in the Background
Peer-to-Peer Communication

AIT 728 WEB SITE DEVELOPMENT USING JAVASCRIPT AND PHP 3(2+1)

Unit I

JavaScript

Basics of JavaScript, Variables, Operators, Control structure, Dialog Boxes

Creating arrays, Navigating arrays, User defined function, Function arguments and return values

Basic of Object, Document Object, Window Object, String Object, Math Object, Date Object

Form Elements Objects Property and Event: Text, Password, Hidden, Checkbox, Radio, Reset, Submit, Select, Textarea

Unit II

Fundamentals of PHP

Basics of PHP, Variables, Operators, Control structure, Creating arrays, Multi dimensional arrays, Navigating arrays, Manipulating keys, User defined function, Function scope, Function arguments and return values

Unit III

Working with forms, Built-in Functions, File Handling, Saving State

Global and environmental variable, Accessing input from various elements of form, Get and Post method

Built-in Functions: Introduction to string and String functions, Variable related Functions, Array Related Functions, Math Functions, Date & Time Functions, Miscellaneous Functions

File manipulation: Testing files, Opening files, closing files, Reading a file, writing to a file

Saving state in PHP: Setting a cookie, Deleting a cookie, Creating session cookie, Session function, Session variables

Unit IV

PHP and MySQL databases

Database concept, Database connection, Creating tables, Getting information on database, Inserting data to a table, Retrieving data from a table, Changing data of a table, Deleting data from a table

Unit V

AJAX

Introduction of AJAX, XMLHttpRequest Object Properties, XMLHttpRequest Object Methods

Advance PHP

Text Book

Beginning PHP and MySQL By W. Jason Gilmore

Reference Books

HTML DHTML JavaScript and Perl CGI By Ivan Bayross
Pure JavaScript By Jason Gilliam, Charlton Ting, R. Allen Wyke
Beginning AJAX with PHP By Lee Babin

Practicals

Write simple JavaScript using variable, conditional and looping statements.
Write a JavaScript using Form Element such as Textbox, button, radio, checkbox and select.
Write a JavaScript to validate a textbox for accept only alphabet and number.
Write a JavaScript to check all compulsory fields are fill or not before form submission.
Write a JavaScript to open a file in new window, same window and auto refresh
Write a JavaScript code to display clock in web browser.
Write a PHP code to read form submitted data using GET and POST method.
Write a PHP code using Form Element such as Textbox, button, radio, checkbox and select.
Write a PHP code to read & write file content.
Write a PHP code to store user selected font, color and style in cookie variable. When user revisit the web page than content display in selected font, color and style.
Write a PHP code to read and write Session Variable.
Write a PHP code to display, add, update and delete operation for MySQL table.
Write a PHP code for User Authentication. If user is Authenticated user then display welcome page else display same page with “Invalid User name and Password” message. Username and Password available in USERLIST table.
Write a AJAX code with PHP to display information in SPAN area.
Write a AJAX code with PHP to fill combo box.

AGRI 720 ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT 2(1+1)

Entrepreneur behaviour, Entrepreneur development, Entrepreneur management – Meaning, Concepts, Need for enterprise emergence and characteristics of an entrepreneur. External Environmental factors – Economic, Social, Cultural, Technological, Situational and Legal requirements for establishment of a new unit Establishment of a small business – Identification of a sound enterprise, Feasibility report and Project proposal, Availability of raw materials, technology, skills and Record keeping. Knowledge, Skill, Infrastructure and Policy support for entrepreneurship development. Marketing plan, market survey, methods of data collection, forecasting market demand, sustainability of enterprise. Technical Appraisal – Factors to be considered for technical appraisal and Personnel training. Financial Appraisal – Estimation of financial requirements, financial viability, cost benefit analysis, preparation of balance sheet, Project formulation- Project description, physical infrastructure, plant layout, pollution control, communication system, transportation, requirement of machinery and equipment, licensing procedures, tax assessment. Special issues relating to potentials and failure of enterprise in production, finance, marketing and SWOT analysis

Reference Books

1.Entrepreneurship Development in India – by C. B. Gupta and N. P. Srinivasan

2.Entrepreneurial Development – by S. S. Khanka. S. Chand Company Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi

Text book of Project Management – by P. Gopalkrishnan and V. E. Ramamoorthy. McMillin Publishers India Ltd. New Delhi

Practicals

1, 2 & 3 Exercise on Project – identification, preparation, management, implementation and evaluation

4 & 5 Identification of emerging enterprises in agricultural sector

6 Exercise on preparation of balance sheet

Exercise on cost benefit analysis

8, 9 & 10 Visit to two public sector enterprises to analyze and draw lessons

11 & 12 Visit to two private sector enterprises to analyze and draw lessons

13 & 14 Preparation of individual business plan

15 & 16 Presentation of enterprise and business plans

AGRI 721 AGRICULTURAL FINANCE AND CO-OPERATION 2(1+1)

Agricultural finance: nature and scope. Time value of money, Compounding and Discounting. Agricultural credit: meaning, definition, need, classification. Credit analysis: 4R’s 5C’s and 7 P’s of credit, repayment plans. History of financing agriculture in India. Commercial banks, nationalization of commercial banks. Lead bank scheme, regional rural banks, scale of finance. Higher financing agencies, RBI, NABARD, AFC, World Bank, Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India. Assessment of crop losses, determination of compensation. Crop insurance, advantages and limitations in application. Agricultural cooperation: philosophy and principles. History of Indian cooperative Movement, pre-independence and post independence periods, cooperative credit structure: PACS, FSCS. Reorganisation of single window system. Successful cooperative systems in Gujarat, Maharastra, Punjab etc.

Reference Books

Agricultural Finance and Management – by S. S. Subbareddy and P. Raghuram
Agricultural Economics – by S. Subbareddy et al. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

Practicals

Factors governing use of Capital and identification of credit needs; Time value of money, Compounding and discounting; Tools of financial management, Balance sheet, Income statement and cash flow analysis; Estimations of credit needs and determining unit costs; Preparations and analysis of loan proposals; Types of repayment loans; Study of financial institutions: PACS, DCCB, Apex Banks, RRBs, CBs, NABARD.

AGRI 722 INTRODUCTION TO SAS 3(2+1)

Unit I

Getting Started Using SAS Software

The SAS Language, SAS Data Sets, Choosing a Mode for Submitting SAS Programs, Windows and Commands in the SAS Windowing Environment, Submitting a Program in the SAS Windowing Environment, Reading the SAS Log, Viewing Your Results in the Output Window, Creating HTML Output, SAS Data Libraries, Using SAS System Options

Getting Your Data into SAS

Methods for Getting Your Data into SAS, Entering Data with the Viewtable Window, Reading Files with the Import Wizard, Telling SAS Where to Find Your Raw Data, Reading Raw Data Separated by Spaces, Reading Raw Data Arranged in Columns, Reading Raw Data Not in Standard Format, Selected Informats, Mixing Input Styles, Reading Messy Raw Data, Reading Multiple Lines of Raw Data per Observation, Reading Multiple Observations per Line of Raw Data, Reading Part of a Raw Data File, Controlling Input with Options in the INFILE Statement, Reading Delimited Files with the DATA Step, IMPORT Procedure

Unit II

Working with Your Data

Creating and Redefining Variables, Using SAS Functions, Selected SAS Character Functions, Selected SAS Numeric Functions, Using IF-THEN Statements, Grouping Observations with IF-THEN/ELSE Statements, Subsetting Your Data, Working with SAS Dates, Selected Date Informats, Functions, and Formats, Using the RETAIN and Sum Statements, Simplifying Programs with Arrays, Using Shortcuts for Lists of Variable Names

Unit III

Sorting, Printing, and Summarizing Your Data

Using SAS Procedures, WHERE Statement, PROC SORT, PROC PRINT, PROC FORMAT, PROC MEANS, PROC FREQ, PROC TABULATE, PROC REPORT

Unit IV

Modifying and Combining SAS Data Sets

SET Statement, One-to-One Match Merge, One-to-Many Match Merge, OUTPUT Statement

Tracking and Selecting Observations with the IN= Option, Selecting Observations with the WHERE= Option, Changing Observations to Variables Using PROC TRANSPOSE

Unit V

Using Basic Graphical and Statistical Procedures

Concepts of ODS Graphics, Creating Bar Charts, Histograms, Box Plots, Scatter Plots with PROC SGPLOT, Examining the Distribution of Data with PROC UNIVARIATE, Producing Statistics with PROC MEANS, Testing Categorical Data with PROC FREQ, Examining Correlations with PROC CORR Creating Statistical Graphics with PROC CORR, Using PROC REG for Simple Regression Analysis, Creating Statistical Graphics with PROC REG, Using PROC ANOVA for One-Way Analysis of Variance, Reading the Output of PROC ANOVA

Text Book

Delwiche, L. D. and S. J. Slaughter. “The Little SAS Book: A Primer.” 4th ed., SAS Institute Inc., 2008.

Reference Books

Online seminars and classes offered by UCLA: http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/seminars/

Data analysis with SAS

Cody, R. “Learning SAS by Example: A Programmer’s Guide.” SAS Institute Inc., 2007.
Cody, R. P. and J. K. Smith. “Applied Statistics and the SAS Programming Language.” 5th ed.,Prentice Hall Inc., 2005.
Econometrics with SAS: Ajmani, Vivek. Applied Econometrics Using the SAS System, Wiley-Interscience, 2009.

Practicals

Proc sort
Proc ptint
Proc format
Proc means
Proc freq
Proc tabulate
Proc report
Proc sgplot
Proc corr
Proc reg
Proc anova
T-test
Z-test
Chi-square test

SEMESTER - I

APS 101 APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES 3(3+0)

Unit I

Electromagnetic radiation – Electromagnetic Spectrum – Laws of radiation – Wave theory & Particle Theory.

Unit II

Black body radiation – absorption – reflection – transmission of radiation – scattering.

Unit III

Atomic physics – Braggs Law - crystal structure analysis by powder method - Photo electric effect – Photoelectric cells – applications of photo electric cells – Photo diodes.

UNIT IV

Chemistry of essential oils -active principles in Jasmine and Geranium – extraction and characterization techniques.

Unit V

Unit-VI

AIT 101 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS AND OPERATING SYSTEMS 3(2+1)

PRACTICAL

MATH 101 APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2(2+0)

AIT 102 INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES C & 3(1+2)

OBJECT ORIENTED CONCEPTS USING C++

Unit I

Programming Fundamentals using C- Algorithm development, techniques of problem solving, flowcharting, stepwise refinement.

Unit II

Structure of program, Data types, Constants, Variables, Expression,Operators.

Unit III

Basic input/ output and library functions, Control structures, Arrays, String processing, Structure and union.

Unit IV

Functions, Pointers, Pointer to functions, Function returning pointers, Dynamic memory allocation.

Unit V

Structured programming concepts; Top down Design, Development of efficient programs.

File management; Graphics.
Unit VI

Object-Oriented programming - Classes and Objects Classes - Objects & Interfaces Constructors & Destructors - Overloading of Operators & Functions - Friend Functions -Input/ Output Console I/O.

PRACTICAL

Implementing OOPs concept using C++.

AGRI 101 MICROECONOMICS 2(1+1)

Unit I Theory of Demand

Nature and scope of economic theory –Demand Theory - Law of demand - Elasticity of demand – Demand functions – Consumer’s surplus

Unit II Theory of Production

Unit III Applications of Economic Principles in Agriculture

Agricultural production decision – Input-output, factor-factor and product –product relationships. Farm planning and risk – Strategies to manage risk – Farm budgeting.

Unit IV Theory of Firms

Meaning of Firm & Industry, overview of market equilibrium and price determination – Perfect Competition – Monopoly - Monopolistic competition – Oligopoly.

Unit V Economics of Information and Market Failure (2 classes)

Role of information in economic system – Market failure due to asymmetric information – Adverse selection and moral hazard – Network externalities.

PRACTICAL

STAT 101 APPLIED STATISTICS 3(2+1)

Unit I Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion

Measures of central tendency – meaning – limitations – properties – mean, median and mode for raw and grouped data.

Measures of dispersion – meaning – limitations – properties – range, mean deviation, quartile deviation, standard deviation and variance – coefficient of variation, skew ness and kurtosis.

Unit II Distributions and Sampling Theory

Theoretical distributions – Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions (without proof) – properties and applications of the above distributions.

Sampling – population, sample, parameter and statistic, sampling vs. complete enumeration, simple random sampling, stratified random sampling.

Unit III Correlation and Regression

Unit IV Estimation and Testing of hypothesis

Statistical estimation – estimation – point estimation and interval estimation.

Unit V Analysis of variance and Basic Designs

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) – meaning – assumptions.

Experimental designs – basic principles – Completely Randomised Design (CRD)
(for equal and unequal replications) – Randomised Block Design (RBD), factorial experiment.

PRACTICAL

Examples on measures of central tendency - median and mode for raw and grouped data
Examples on measures of dispersion
Examples on Binomial distribution and Normal distribution
Examples on correlation coefficient and fitting of regression equation with test of significance of regression coefficient, ANOVA and prediction
Test of significance, small sample and large sample test
Chi square test for goodness of fit and test for independence of attributes
Completely Randomized Design (for equal and unequal
Randomized Block Design, Factorial experiments in CRD and RBD

AGRI 102 ORIENTATION TO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS 2(1+1)

Unit I Overview of agricultural systems

Unit II Natural inputs in Agricultural Systems

Unit III Inputs and processes in crop production system

Unit IV Inputs and processes in animal production system

Unit V Management of agricultural system

Economics of agricultural system – input management, labour management. Farm planning and budgeting, supply chain management as farm perspective.

PRACTICAL

Visit to crop cafeteria to identify the crops
Visit to the animal units of the campus
Lay out of agromet observatory and observing instruments used
Time of observation of weather elements and practicing observation
Visit to soil profile exhibition and soil test lab
Instruments used on soil and plant analysis
Seed bad preparation
Practicing crop protection techniques
Visiting orchard and understanding horticultural crop production system
Acquiring knowledge on animals used in the agricultural systems
Visit to commercial dairy and poultry unit
Visiting agro industries
Farm plan preparation for upland eco system
Farm plan preparation for low and eco system
Farm budgeting and economics

ENG 101 ENGLISH FOR SPEAKING AND WRITING SKILLS 2*(1+1)

Unit I LISTENING

Unit II SPEAKING

Influence of L₁ on L₂ – Conversation practice – Dialogue – Principles and Practice.

Unit III READING

Reading with fluency and accuracy – Critical reading (analysis, evaluation and synthesis) – SQ3R - Skimming and Scanning – Reading Cloze.

Unit IV WRITING

PRACTICAL

·Listening – Principles, Kinds and Process - Barriers to Listening – Study

Interactive listening – Listening to IELTS and TOEFL CD's – Discussion and Exercises
Listening cloze – Task from Cambridge BEC
Speaking – Influence of L₁ on L₂ – Problems and Analysis
Dialogue – Study of Principles and Practice
Critical Reading and SQ3R – Discussion
Reading cloze – Tasks from Cambridge IELTS
Skimming and Scanning – Tasks from Barron's TOEFL
Personal Writing and Public Writing – Personal letters, E-mail, Complaints and Fan mail
Social and Creative writing – Conveying congratulations, Condolence, Notices, Circulars and

Assignments

Institutional writing – Report writing, Note taking, Rejoinders and Scientific Article Writing
Essay Writing – Study of definition and kinds

SEMESTER - II

BEIT 201 BASIC ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY 3(2+1)

Unit I Basics of Electricity

Unit II Electronics

Unit III Basics of instruments

Transducers – classifications of transducers – requirements and principles. Displacement – LVDT, capacitive transducers – temperature – RTD and thermocouple.

Unit IV Instrument technology for agriculture

Instrument for measurement of pH, Electrical conductivity, gas analysis, humidity, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and soil temperature.

Unit V Applications of Electronics in Agriculture

DEMO OF

Study of multi meter and its use
Study of voltmeter, ammeter and energy meter and its use.
Identification of resisters, capacitors and other components.
Study of colorimeter its principles and usage.
Study of spectrophotometer, its principle operation, maintenance and troubleshooting.
Study of principle of chlorophyll meter its use and maintenance
Study of principle of leaf area meter – its use and maintenance
Study of instrument for measurement of seed moisture
Experiments on soil moisture measurement
Study of Gas chromatograph, its operation and maintenance
Study of principles of operation of PH meter and its operation, maintenance and trouble shooting
Study of principles of operation of E.C. meter and its operation
Study of instruments used in meteorology
Visit to green house with environmental control.
Visit to Agro processing facility with electronic sorters, graders, counters

AIT 203 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES 3(2+1)

Unit I Concepts of Algorithms

Introduction to Algorithms – Algorithm Development – Complexity analysis – Recursion classes – String Algorithms – Concepts of Pseudo code.

Unit II Linear Data structures

Introduction to Linear Data structures: Pointers, relationships in C between pointers and arrays. Queues and stacks. Application to storage allocation, de-allocation and garbage.

Unit III Linked lists

Introduction to linked lists- Singly, doubly and circularly linked lists; algorithms for creation, insertion, deletion and search.

Unit IV Trees and graphs

Unit V Sorting

Analysis of simple sorting techniques such as shell sort, bubble sort, insertion sort, selection sort, quick sort, heap sort and merge sort. Sorting based on binary and n-ary trees.

Unit VI Searching

PRACTICAL

Description of the algorithm in English, pseudo code development and diagrammatic explanation
Pseudo code, diagrams, simulations for
- Arrays, strings, stacks, queues, Linked lists
- Pseudo code, diagrams, simulations for
- Binary Searching, B-Tree, Spanning Tree
Pseudo code & programming for
- Shell sort, bubble sort, Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort
Pseudo code & Programming : Spreadsheet application
Pseudo code & Programming : Editor application

AGRI 203 PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS 3(2+1)

Unit I

Genetics, theories – definitions of genetic terms, Mendel’s work, laws – dominance, epistasis, modifications in Mendelian ratio, different type of epistasis.

Unit II

Multiple alleles – blood groups – theories – pseudo alleles – examples – multiple gene inheritance – transgressive variation – linkage – coupling and repulsion.

Unit III

Unit IV

Pedigree analysis twins, quantitative genetics, DNA as genetic material, structure of DNA, protein synthesis, genetic code, operon model.

Unit V

PRACTICAL

Study of genetic ratio – monohybrid – incomplete dominance and test cross ratio and in combination of one or two above
Dihybrid ratio – dominance, incomplete dominance, and test cross ratio and in combination of one or two above
Simple interaction of genes – comb character in fowls, dominant epistasis, recessive epistasis and duplicate recessive epistasis
Duplicate and additive epistasis, duplicate dominant epistasis and dominant and recessive epistasis
Problems in multiple alleles
Problems in multiple factor inheritance
Estimation of linkage with F2 and test cross data, coupling and repulsion
Problems on two point test cross, three point test cross
Working out interference, coincidence and drawing genetic maps
Problems in gene action – interpretation of results – computer application
Problems in working out – heritability and genetic advance – interpretation of results

AIT 204 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE 3(3+0)

Unit I Computer organization and concepts

Unit II Microprocessor Fundamentals

Unit III Input - output and storage

Unit IV Microprocessor architecture

Unit V Multiprocessor architecture

Demo for

Microprocessor Trainer - Hardware
Software based simulations – VHDL
Hands-on PC dissembling/ assembling

AGRI 204 SOIL AND CROP MANAGEMENT 3(2+1)

Unit I

Unit II

Unit III

Unit IV

Production technologies for Biofuel crops – sweet sorghum, sugarbeet and jatropha – forage and fodder crops – preservation techniques – Hay silage making

Unit V

PRACTICAL

AGRI 205 COMMERCIAL HORTICULTURE 3(2+1)

Unit I Basic principles of Horticulture and propagation techniques

Unit II Production methods and cropping systems

Unit III Cultural hints and Protected cultivation for horticultural crops

Protected Cultivation - basic concepts -Protected cultivation techniques for tomato, capsicum - rose, gerbera

Unit IV Preharvest, harvest and post harvest management

Unit V Floral art, landscape gardening and turf management

Flower arrangements, floral products, bonsai making - Dry flower techniques Principles and elements of landscape gardening - Turfing and turf management.

PRACTICAL

AIT 205 PROBABILITY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 3(2+1)

Unit I Information System Concepts

Unit II Information Systems Technologies

Unit III Information Systems Applications

Unit IV Information Systems Management

Unit V Probability and Information Theory

PRACTICAL

AIT 206 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2(2+0)

Unit I

Software engineering definition; Software Development: Phases, Process models, Project structure, Project team structure, Role of metrics, Measurement, Software quality factors.

Unit II

Planning and Software Project: Requirement analysis, Cost estimation, Project Scheduling, Quality Assurance Plan, and Project Monitoring Plans, Gantt charts, PERT and CPM.

Unit III

System Design: Design Objectives, Design Principles, Design Tools and Techniques, Prototyping.

Unit IV

Structured Programming Coding: Programming practices, Verification, Monitoring and Control.

Unit V

Testing: Testing Fundamentals, Functional Testing, Structural Testing, Test Plan activities, Unit testing, Integration Testing.

Unit VI

Reliability: Concept of Software Reliability, Reliability Models, Limitations of Reliability Models, Software Maintenance. CASE tools.

SEMESTER – III

AIT 307 COMPILER DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 3(2+1)

UNIT I Introduction to Language Translators

UNIT II Lexical Analysis

UNIT III Syntax Analysis

The role of the parser – Context Free Grammars – Top Down Parsing – Bottom Up Parsing – Operator Precedence Parsing – LR Parsers

UNIT IV Intermediate Code Generation

Position of intermediate code generator - Intermediate Languages – Graphical Representations – Three Address Code

UNIT V Code Generation

UNIT VI Tools for building Compilers

Introduction to LEX – Introduction to YACC

Suggested Books

Compilers Principles, Techniques and Tools

Alfred V. Aho, Ravi Sethi, Jeffrey D. Ullman

Compiler Construction: Principles and Practice
Kenneth C. Louden

Art of Compiler Design, The Theory and Practice
Thomas Pittman, James Peters, Jim Peters

AIT 308 DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 3(2+1)

UNIT I Introduction to Data Base Management System

Database – File System – Data Base System – Types of DBMS – Functions of DBMS – Database Models.

UNIT II Relational Data Base Model

UNIT III Structured Query Language (SQL)

Introduction – Data Definition Commands (Creating Database, Creating Table, SQL integrity Constraints)

Data Entry (INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, COMMIT, ROLLBACK)

Mathematical Operators (=,<,>,<=,>=,!=)

Logical Operators (AND, OR, NOT)

Special Operators ( BETWEEN, IS NULL, LIKE, IN, EXIST )

Advanced Data Management Commands

Adding column to the table using ALTER TABLE

Changing column’s data type using ALTER TABLE

Add primary key, foreign key using ALTER TABLE

Entering data into the new column using UPDATE

Copying parts of tables using CREATE TABLE

Deleting a table from the database using DROP TABLE

Use of ORDER BY and DISTINCT

SQL Functions (COUNT, SUM, MIN, MAX, SUM AVG)

Grouping Data (GROUP BY with HAVING)

Virtual Tables (Creating a view using CREATE VIEW)

SQL Indexes (CREATE INDEX Command)

Joining Database Tables

Procedural SQL (TRIGGER, STORED PROCEDURE, STORED FUNCTION)

UNIT IV Entity Relationship (E-R) Modeling

UNIT V Normalization of Database Tables

Definition – The need for normalization – Conversion to First Normal Form – Conversion to Second Normal Form – Conversion to Third Normal Form – Boyce Codd Normal Form – De normalization.

UNIT VI Transaction Management and Concurrency Control

Suggested Books

Introduction of database system

C.J. DATE - Addition - Wesley

Database Systems Design, Implementation & Management

Rob, Coronel

Database system concepts

Henry F. Korth, Abraham silberschatz

AIT 309 OPERATION RESEARCH 3(2+1)

Unit I

Overview of operations Research: OR models – OR Techniques

Unit II

Unit III

Dual problems- Relation between primal and dual problems – Dual simplex method

Unit IV

Transportation model – starting solutions. North West corner Rule - lowest cost method –Vogels approximation method – Transportation algorithms –Assignment problem – Hungarian Method.

Unit V

Network Models : Definitions – CPM and PERT – Their Algorithms Integer Programming : Branch and Bound Algorithms cutting plan algorithm.

Unit VI

Dynamic Programming: Recursive nature of dynamic programming – Forward and Backward Recursion

Unit VII

Deterministic Inventory Models : Static EOQ Models – Dynamic EOQ models.

Unit VIII

Game theory: Two person Zero Sum Games – Mixed strategy games and their Algorithms.

Books:

1. Introduction to Operations Research by HILLIER/LIEBERMAN, Tata McGraw Hill

2. Operations Research by R Panneerselvan, Prentice Hall of India.

MATH 302 Functions of several variables, vector calculus and numerical methods 3(2+1)

Unit I

Unit II

Numerical Methods: Solution of Algebraic and Transcandal Equations. Regula-falsi method, Newton-Raphsion Method, its geometrical Interpretation.

Unit III

Solution of Linear Simultaneous equations: Gauss elimination method. Iterative method of solution.JAcobi’s Iterataion method.

Unit IV

Finite differences and interpolation: Forward , BackWard and Central difference table.

Newton’s Interpolation Forward, Backward and Central Formulae.

Practical

To solve problems on Limit, continuity for function of sevrable variables.

Use of Euler’s formula on some problems.

Apply Taylor’s theorem for function of two variables.

Solve Algebric and Transcandal Equations.

Problems on Regula-falsi method, Newton-Raphsion Method. Prepare Forward , BackWard and Central difference table.

Problems of Newton’s Interpolation formaulae.

AGRI 306 GREEN HOUSE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY 3(2+1)

UNIT I

Greenhouse – World scenario, Indian situation: present and future, Different agro-climatic zones in India, Environmental factors and their effects on plant growth.

UNIT II

Basics of greenhouse design, different types of structures – glasshouse, shade net, poly tunnels - Design and development of low cost greenhouse structures.

UNIT III

Interaction of light, temperature, humidity, CO2, water on crop regulation - Greenhouse heating, cooling, ventilation and shading.

UNIT IV

Types of ventilation- Forced cooling techniques - Glazing materials – Micro irrigation and Fertigation.

UNIT V

Automated greenhouses, micro controllers, waste water recycling, Management of pest and diseases – IPM.

UNIT VI

Media –Types, uses and characteristics.

Practical

Suggested Readings

Green House Engineering. NRAES, Riley, Robb Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.Bhatcharjee BS. 1959.

Rose Growing in Tropics. Thackarspink & Co. Laurie A, Kiplingr DD & Nelson KS. 1968.

Commercial Flower Forcing. McGraw-Hill.Mears DR, Kim MK & Roberts WJ. 1971.

Structural Analysis at an Experimental Cable-supported Air Inflated Green Houses. Trans. ASAE.

Pant V Nelson. 1991.

Green House Operation and Management. Bali Publ.Pradeepkumar T, Suma B, Jyothibhaskar & Satheesan KN. 2007.

Management of Horticultural Crops. Parts I, II. New India Publ. Agency.

AGRI 307 INTRODUCTION TO MACROECONOMICS 3(2+1)

Unit I The Closed Economy in the Short Run

Classical and Keynesian Systems; IS-LM model; fiscal and monetary multipliers;

aggregate demand and aggregate supply, the accounting identities.

Unit II Inflation and Aggregate Supply Curve

Phillips curve; adaptive and rational expectations; policy ineffectiveness debate.

Unit III The Medium Run

Government budget constraint; financing government expenditure through taxes, bonds money creation.

Unit IV Open Economy Models

Short run open economy models: the Mundell Fleming model.

Exchange rate determination: purchasing power parity, asset market approach;

Dornbusch's overshooting model. The monetary approach to balance of payments.

Unit V Economic Growth

Harrod-Domar model; Solow model; elements of endogenous growth.

Unit VI Microeconomic Foundations

Consumption; investment; demand for money and supply of money.

Readings:

1. Rudiger Dornbusch, Stanley Fischer and Richard Startz, Macroeconomics, 7th or later edition, McGraw Hill.

2. N. Gregory Mankiw Macroeconomics, 4th or later edition, Worth Publishers.

3. Jones, Charles I. (1998), Introduction to Economic Growth, W.W. Norton & Company, Chapters 1, 2, 8.

4. Sen, A.K.,ed.(1970) Growth Economics, Penguin Books.

5. Attfield, C.L.F., D. Demery and N.W. Duch (1991), Rational Expectations in Macroeconomics, 2nd edition,
Blackwell, Chapters 1, 2, 4,.

6. Sheffrin, Steven, M. (1996), Rational Expectations, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press.

AGRI 308 INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY 3(2+1)

Unit I

Introduction to Biomolecules: Definition, general classification and important functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins.

Unit II

Biodiversity :

(i) Plant System : Basic concepts of plant growth, nutrition, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. Types of Growth regulators and their physiological effects.

(ii) Animal System : Elementary Study of Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Excretory systems and their functions.

(iii) Microbial System : History of Microbiology, types of microbes and properties. Economic importance and control of microbes.

Unit III

Evolution: Theories of evolution. Mendel’s laws of inheritance. Variation and speciation.

Genetic: Cell division – Mitosis and Meiosis. Evidence of nucleic acids as a genetic material. Central Dogma.

Genetic Engineering : Elementary knowledge of Recombinant DNA Technology, Bio-informatics and Genomics.

Unit IV

Introduction to Biotechnology : Definition, scope and achievements. Tools used in biotechnology.

Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture, Medicine and Environment – an elementary knowledge.

Prospects and public perception of Biotechnology.

Text/ Reference Books:

Cell Biology and Genetics. 9th edition. Starr, C. and Taggard; R. (2001) Thomson Learning USA.
Life Science of Biology 6th edition Purves W.K.; Sadava, D.; Orians, G.H. and Heller, H.C. (2001). W.H. Freeman & company, USA.
Basic Biotechnology. Ratledge, C. and Kristiansen, B. (2001) Cambridge University Press.
Basic Biotechnology. Ignacimuthu, S.J. (2002) Tata McGraw-Hill Pub., New Delhi
Genes VII Lewis Benjamin (2002). Oxford Univ. Press Oxford.
Biotechnology 3rd Edition. Smith, J.E. (2003) Cambridge University Press.

AGRI 309 PLANTATION MANAGEMENT 2(1+1)

Unit I

Unit II

SEMESTER – IV

AIT 410 Programming for web portals – (PHP/JAVA/.NET) 3(1+2)

Languages

Unit I
Review Of HTML/DHTML, VBScript. Installation and Managing WEB-Server: Internet Information Server (IIS) / Personal Web Server (PWS).

AGRI 410 ECONOMETRICS 3(2+1)

Unit I

Introduction, Meaning, definition and nature of econometrics. Subject matter of econometrics and relationship with other science.

Unit II

Objectives of econometrics, Data-types of data-Quantitative and qualitative data, sources of data.

Unit III

Econometric Models -linear and non-linear

Single Equation Linear Econometric Models- Simple Regression Model –estimation of Regression parameters in a Two Variable Linear Model (Method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)

Unit IV

Application of CLR model- Growth Rates-Linear Growth Rate-Compound Growth Rate

Multicollinearity, Autocorrelation & Heteroscedasticity – (meaning and sources –consequences-testing -remedies) and dummy variable

AIT 411 Project Management for Information Systems 3(2+1)

AGRI 411 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT 3(2+1)

Unit I

Introduction, history and concepts of Environmental Technology

Unit II

Water Pollution: Water quality standards. Technologies for purification in the public water supply system. Sources of waste water. Waste water treatment technologies and recycling.

Soil Pollution: Sources and treatment technologies

Unit III

Unit IV

Bio remediation: Production of value added products (single cell protein and Biofuels) by waste recycling.

Green technologies and environmental protection.

Environmental Protection Act: Air, water, wild life protection and forest conservation acts.

References

1. Introduction to Environmental technology Ann Boyce. John Wiley and sons

2. Industrial and hazardous wastes Health impacts and management by plans. Rajiv K. Sinha and Sunil heart.

3. Encyelopoedia of Environmental Sciences vol.22. Water pollution by P.R. Trivedia and Gurudeepraj.

4. An introduction to Air Pollution by R.K. Trivedi and P.K. Goel. B.S Publications.

AGRI 412 eCommerce and Retailing Entrepreneurship 3(2+1)

Unit I
History of e-commerce, definition, classification- B2B, B2C, C2C, G2C, B2G sites, e-commerce in education, financial, auction, news, entertainment sectors, Doing eCommerce.

Unit II
Electronic payment systems – credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, e-credit accounts, e-money, security concerns in e commerce, authenticity, privacy, integrity, non-repudiation, encryption, secret key cryptography, public key cryptography, SET, SSL, digital signatures, firewalls.

Unit III
Marketing on the web, marketing strategies, creating web presence, advertising, customer service and support, web branding strategies, web selling models

Unit IV
M-commerce; case study of two internationally successful e-commerce web sites and two Kerala-based e-commerce web sites; IT act (India) and e-commerce.

Unit V
Meaning of Entrepreneurship – Role of Entrepreneurship – Quality of Entrepreneurship

Unit VI

Types of Retail Trade:
– Itinerant retailers and fixed shops.
– Departmental store, super market, malls, chain store, mail order business, consumer’s cooperative

store.
– Automatic Vending Machine
Role of Chamber of Commerce and Industry in promotion of internal trade.

AIT 412 Design and Management of Web Portals 3(2+1)

Unit I

Unit II

Tables: Creating Tables, Border, TH, TR, TD, CELLSPACING, CELLPADDING, WIDTH, COLSPAN, CAPTION, ALIGN, CENTER;

Forms: Definition, Use – Written to a file, Submitted to a database such as MSAccess or Oracle, Emailed to someone in particular, Forms involve two-way communication;

Unit III

Unit IV
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

AIT 413 Agricultural Information Portals Management 3(1+2)

Unit I

Unit II

Multimedia And Authoring Tools - I

Unit IV

Case studies

Discussion on Agricultural Portals in market.

AIT 414 Communications Theory/Computer Networks 3(3+0)

Unit I

Unit II

Unit III

Unit IV

Unit V

Local Area Networks: Ethernet (CSMA/CD operation; parameters, specifications, limitations); cabling (Ethernet, Fast-Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet; hubs, patch panels, wiring closets).

Unit VI

Bridges; switches; virtual LANs; 100BaseT; 100BaseVGANY; gigabit Ethernet; FDDI; token ring; wireless networks; ISDN, BISDN.

Text Books:

1. W. Stallings, “Data and Computer Communications”, 7th Ed, Prentice Hall of India, 2004, 7th ed.

2. B. A. Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking”, 3rd Ed, McGraw Hill, 2004.

SEMESTER - V

AIT 515 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 3(2+1)

Unit I

AIT 516 APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS IN AGRICULTURE 2(1+1)

Unit I THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

Introduction - Need of GPS - How it works - Accuracy of GPS

Unit II The GPS satellite system

Components and Basic Facts of GPS

Components of a GPS

1. The Control Segment

2. The Space Segment

3. The User Segment

Unit III Surveying with GPS

1. Methods of Observations

Absolute Positioning

Relative Positioning

Differential GPS

The Reference station

The Mobile station

Data link

Kinematics GPS

2. GPS Receivers

Navigation Receivers

Surveying Receivers

Geodetic Receivers

3. Computation of coordinates in GPS

Transformation from Global to Local Datum

Geodetic Coordinates to Map Coordinates

GPS Heights and Mean Sea Level Heights

Unit IV Factors that affect GPS

Reference Station in GPS

Real Use of GPS

GPS Applications

Future of GPS Technology

GPS in INDIA

AIT 517 GIS IN AGRICULTURE 3(2+1)

UNIT I

UNIT II

Digital Elevation Models; Data input, verification, storage and output.

UNIT III

Spatial modelling- manual and automatic digitizing process; Data errors in GIS; Classification methods-multivariate analysis and classification.

UNIT IV

Spatial interpolation; Current and potential uses of GIS in agricultural planning; Software components used in GIS; GIS in India.

UNIT V

Data acquisition system, satellite image acquisition; Data collections: pre-processing and data storage; Visual and digital image interpretation; Digital image processing.

Practical

Suggested Readings

Annadurai S & Shanmugalakshmi R. 2007. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing. Pearson Edu.

Burrough PA. 1986. Principles of Geographic Information System for Land Resources Assessment. Oxford Univ. Press.

Curran PJ. 1985. Principles of Remote Sensing. Longman.

Jensen JR. 1996. Introductory Digital Image Processing. Prentice Hall.

Lillesand TM & Kiefer RW. 1987. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. John Wiley.

Peuquet DJ & Marble DF. 1990. Introductory Readings in GeographicInformation System. Taylor & Francis.

AGRI 513 REMOTE SENSING OF NATURAL RESOURCES 3(2+1)

UNIT I

Basic components of remote sensing- signals, sensors and sensing systems; active and passive remote sensing.

UNIT II

Characteristics of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter; spectral features of earth's surface features; remote sensors in visible, infrared and microwave regions.

UNIT III

Imaging and non-imaging systems; framing and scanning systems; resolution of sensors; sensor platforms, their launching and maintenance.

UNIT IV

Data acquisition system, data preprocessing, storage and dissemination; digital image processing and information extraction.

UNIT V

Microwave remote sensing; visual and digital image interpretation; introduction to GPS.

UNIT VI

UNIT VII

Soil resource inventory; land use/land cover mapping and planning; integrated watershed development; crop yield modeling and crop production forecasting.

Practical

Acquisition of maps

Field data collection

Map and imagery scales

S/W and H/W requirements and specifications for remote sensing

Data products, their specifications, media types, data inputs, transformation, display types, image enhancement

Image classification methods

Evaluation of classification errors

Crop discrimination and acreage estimations

Differentiation of different degraded soils

Time domain reflectometry

Use of spectrometer and computation of vegetation indices

Demonstration of case studies

Hands on training

Suggested Readings

Bishnoi OP. 2007. Principles of Agricultural Meteorology. Oxford Book Co.

Colwell RN. (Ed.). Manual of Remote Sensing. Vols. 1, II. Am. Soc. Photogrammetry, Virginia.

Curan PJ. Principles of Remote Sensing. ELBS/Longman.

Georg Joseph 2005. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing. University Press (India).

Jain AK. 1989. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice Hall of India.

Narayan LRA. 1999. Remote Sensing and its Applications. Oscar Publ.

Patel AN & Surender Singh 2004. Remote Sensing: Principles and Applications. Scientific Publ.

AGRI 514 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 3(3+0)

Unit: 1

Concept of supply chain, Integrated supply chain, Growth of Supply chain, Strategic decision in supply chain.

Unit: 2

Definition of Supply Chain Management, Scope, Supply Chain Management as a Management Philosophy, Function of SCM, Why Supply Chain Management, Value chain for Supply Chain Management

Unit: 3

Customer focus in Supply Chain Management, Buyers Perspective, Suppliers Perspective,Stages of Development in Supplier Relations.

Unit: 4

Supply Chain Strategies – (i) Cycle View (ii) Push & Pull View.

Achievement of strategic fit through different steps, Obstacles to achieving Strategic Fit.

Unit: 5

Role of Forecasting in a supply chain, Factors of Demand Forecast, Basic approach to Demand Forecasting, Role of Aggregate Planning in a Supply Chain, Problems, Planning Strategies

Books:

1. Supply Chain Management – Sunil Chapra & Peter Meindl, PHI

2. Essentials of Supply Chain Management – Dr. R.P. Mohanty & Dr. S.G. Deshmukh, Jaico

Publishing House

3. Designing & Managing The Supply Chain David Simchi-Levi , Philip Kamiusky, Edith Simchi-

Levi, TATA Mc-Graw Hill

AGRI 515 ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING 3(3+0)

Unit I

Enterprise Resource Planning –Introduction - What is ERP - Need of ERP - Advantages of ERP
Growth of ERP

Unit II

Unit III
ERP modules & Vendors
Finance
Production planning, control & maintenance
Sales & Distribution
Human Resource Management (HRM)
Inventory Control System
Quality Management
ERP Market

Unit IV

ERP Implementation Life Cycles
Evaluation and selection of ERP package
Project planning
Implementation team training & testing
End user training & Going Live
Post Evaluation & Maintenance

Unit V

ERP Case Studies
Post implementation review of ERP Packages in Manufacturing, Services, and
other Organizations

AGRI 516 COMMODITY MARKETING 3(3+0)

Text Book:

1. S. S. Acharya, A State of the Indian Farmer - A Millennium Study, (New Delhi: Academic Foundation, Vol.17).

2. R. L. Kohls and J.N. Uhl, Marketing of Agricultural Products, (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Inc., 9th Edition).

AGRI 517 FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2(1+1)

Unit 1 Introduction to Nanotechnology

Thermoelectric Devices, Energy Storage, Nano Composites, Carbon. Nanotube Production Processes.

Nano Composites. Nanotechnology. Nano-nutraceuticals and nano-functional food, Nano capsules, Nanocochleates, Nanoclusters, Food packaging, Polymer. Nanocomposites.

Unit 2 Applications of nanotechnology in food preservation

Unit 3

Nanostructures for advanced photonics, Silicon-based integrated nanoelectronics, Physics and technology of semiconductor nanostructures and Spintronics: fundamentals and applications.

Unit 4

Laboratory

Fluids lab / bulk fluids vs. nanofluids / flow characteristics
Basic instrumentation lab – Lab Spreadsheet
Thin-film / thick-film sensor technology overview (explain the overall parametric response of a nanostructured thin-film sensor as a function of temperature and adsorbed water vapour)
Adsorption and desorption of vapor-phase materials on solid surfaces & mean free path definitions and calculations
Introduction to thin-film & thick-film materials and techniques
MRDL sensor fabrication
MRDL sensor fabrication
Sensor testing – Team1 “Spreadsheet”, Team2 "Spreadsheet"
Sensor testing, Sensor testing – RH Data

Assignment: 1

a) Plot the baseline data (Rs and Cs) of Sensor 1 as a function of temperature.

b) Interpret the baseline data and explain the response of the sensor.

c) Compare your results with Group 2 and explain any anomalies.

d) Plot the RH data (Rs and Cs) from the second part of the experiment.

e) Interpret and explain the data. If the data appear linear, extrapolate to 100% RH.

Assignment: 2

a) Plot the baseline data (Rs and Cs) of Sensor 2 as a function of temperature.

b) Interpret the baseline data and explain the response of the sensor.

c) Compare your results with Group 1 and explain any anomalies.

d) Plot the RH data (Rs and Cs) from the second part of the experiment.

e) Interpret and explain the data. If the data appear linear, extrapolate to 100% RH.

Book :

Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture
Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, Bhushan, Bharat (Ed.), 2nd rev. and extended ed., 2007, XLIV, 1916 p. 1593. ISBN: 978-3-540-29857-1
Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, by Bharat Bhushan
Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Design:... by Daniel L. Schodek
Nanotechnology in Food and Agriculture: Fundamentals, Applications, and Future Directions - Hardcover (May 23, 2011) by Frewer (Publisher: Wiley-Interscience (May 23, 2011), ISBN-10: 0470261145, ISBN-13: 978-0470261149)

AIT 518 BIOINFORMATICS COMPUTING 2 (1+1)

Organization of biological data (Databases raw and processed) querying in the databases.

Primers in biology ( Design and primers and different kinds of primers used in analysis).

Combinatorial problems in biology, Gene finding, motif finding and multiple sequence alignment.

Mechanism and flow of information in biology, Management and analysis of biological data Protein sequence analysis (Theory and algorithms), Protein structure analysis and applications.

Genome analysis, Exploration of databases, Retrieval of desired data, blast etc.

Data mining on large data bases of biological data

SEMESTER - VI

AIT 619 PARALLEL COMPUTING 3 (3+0)

Unit 1 Introduction to Parallel Computing

 Basic concepts about program/process/ thread concurrent Execution Parallel Execution,

granularity, Potential of Parallelism

 Need of Parallel Computation

 Levels of parallel processing

 Parallel processing Vs. Parallel computing

 Dataflow Computing concept

 Applications of parallel processing

o Scientific Applications / Image processing

o Engineering Application

o Database query / Answering applications

o AI Applications

o Mathematical simulations and modeling

Unit 2 Classification of Parallel Computers

 Types of Classification

 Flynn’s/ Handler classification

 UMA / NUMA /COMA

 Loosely coupled / tightly coupled

 Classification based grain size and Instruction level parallelism

Unit 3 Interconnection Network

 Need of Interconnection Network

 Concept Bandwidth Nod degree diameter bisection bandwidth, In degree and Out degree

 Static and Dynamic Interconnection network

 Omega, Parallel Shifter, Bens, permutation, hypercube, butterfly,

 Shuffle exchange Network

Unit 4 Parallel Computer Architecture

 Introduction to various computer architecture

 Pipeline processing

 Vector / Array processing

 VLIW and Super scalar architecture

 Associative architecture

Multithreaded architecture

Unit 5 Recent Trends for Parallel Computer

 Development of last 3 years

 Multicompontent CPU

 Apex architecture IA 64

 Hyperthreading

AGRI 618 CROP SIMULATION MODELS 2 (1+1)

Unit 1

Principles of Plant Breeding

Unit 2

Regional Yield Estimation Using A Crop Simulation Model: Concepts, Methods, And Validation.

Science of producing: energy crops (grain and starch), protein and oilseed crops, animals and animal products, aquaculture, fish and seafood, other food crops and food sources.

Unit 3

Crop growth models for decision support systems:

Use of thermal time (predict plant development) and use of potential evaporation to predict actual water evaporation from the plant and the soil.

Level of simplicity for an application model, model validation, decision support systems

Soil and plant sensors, remote sensing, innovative field experimentation.

The impacts of climate change on crop yield.

Methods: generation of climate changed data, methods of applying climate changed data, spatial scaling of point-source climate data,

Unit 4

Crops and climate change: progress, trends, and challenges in simulating impacts and informing adaptation

Unit 5

Large-area crop modelling

Unit 6

Methodology

Unit 7

Manufacturing simulation with plant simulation

Unit 8

Plant simulation

Demonstrated applications of csm interfaced with gis, precision farming, agro-ecological zonation, evaluating agricultural land use options.

AIT 620 HIGH PERFORMACE COMPUTING 3 (2+1)

UNIT I: Cluster Computing

Cluster setup & its Administration, Performance Models & Simulations; Networking, Protocols & I/O, Lightweight Messaging systems, Active Messages

UNIT II: Cluster Computing

Distributed shared memory, parallel I/O Clusters, Jib and Resource management system, scheduling parallel jobs on clusters

UNIT III:Cluster Computing

Load sharing and Fault tolerance manager, parallel programming scheduling techniques, Dynamic load balancing Example Cluster System – Beowlf, COMPaS and NanOS

UNIT IV: Grid Computing

Data & Computational Grids, Grid Architectures and its relations to various Distributed Technologies

UNIT V: Autonomic Computing

Autonomic Computing, Examples of the Grid Computing Efforts (IBM)

UNIT VI: Pervasive Computing

Pervasive Computing concepts & Scenarios, Hardware & Software, Human - machine interface

Device connectivity, Java for Pervasive devices, Application examples

UNIT VII: Cloud Computing

History, Working of cloud computers, pros and cons of cloud computing, developing cloud services, cloud computer web based applications

UNIT VIII: Quantum Computing

Introduction to Quantum Computing, QUbits, Quantum Mechanics, Quantum gates, Applications of quantum computing.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. J. Joseph & C. Fellenstein, Grid Computing, PEA.

2. Raj Kumar Buyya, High performance cluster computing, PEA.

3. J.Burkhardt et .al, Pervasive computing, PEA.

4. Vishal Sahni, Quantum computing, TMH.

5. Marivesar, Approaching quantum computing, PEA.

6. Neilsen & Chung L, Quantum computing and Quantum Information, Cambridge University

Press.

AIT 621 OPEN SOURCE DATA BASES AND KDD (KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY DATABASES) 3 (2+1)

Unit IV
Cluster analysis - basic concepts, types of data in cluster analysis, partitioning and hierarchical methods. Other clustering methods.

Unit V
Introduction to mining data stream, time-series and sequence data.
Introduction to mining in graphs, spatial and multimedia data.
Mining in biological data.
Text mining, mining the Web.

Reference Books :

Han, J., Kamber, M.: Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. Second Edition. Elsevier Inc., 2006, 770 p., ISBN 1-55860-901-3.
Dunham, M.H.: Data Mining. Introductory and Advanced Topics. Pearson Education, Inc., 2003, 315 p., ISBN 0-13088-892-3.
Han, J., Kamber, M.: Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. Second Edition. Elsevier Inc., 2006, 770 p., ISBN 1-55860-901-3.

AIT 622 SPSS, MATLAB AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY 3 (1+2)

SPSS

Installing the Data

Installing files from the Internet

Installing files from the diskette

Introducing the interface

The data view

The variable view

The output view

The draft view

The syntax view

What the heck is a crosstab?

Entering and modifying data

Creating the data definitions: the variable view

Variable types

Variable names and labels

Missing values

Non-numeric numbers, or when is a number not a number?

Binary variables

Creating a new data set

Getting help in creating data sets and defining variables

Creating primary reference lists

Frequencies

Descriptive statistics: descriptives (univariate)

Recodes and Transformations

Backup the original file

Recoding existing variables

Recode income data

Recoding variables revisited

The one exception in recoding variables

The other exception

Charting your data

Using the automated chart function

Using the Interactive Chart function

Creating a chart from scratch

Statistical procedures

Introduction

Measuring association

Bivariate correlations

Partial correlation

Multiple correlation (multiple regression)

Crosstabs

Measuring differences

T-Tests

ANOVA

MATLAB

MATLAB Basics

The basic features

Vectors and matrices

Built-in functions

Plotting

Programming in MATLAB

M-files: Scripts and functions

Loops

If statement

Scalar Calculations

Simple Arithmetical Operations

Variables

Round-o_ Errors

Formatting Printing

Common Mathematical Functions

Complex Numbers

Arrays: Vector and Matrix Calculations

Generating Matrices

The Colon Operator

Manipulating Matrices

Simple Arithmetical Operations

Operator Precedence

Common Mathematical Functions

Data Manipulation Commands

Advanced Topic: Multidimensional Arrays

Be Able To Do

Anonymous Functions, Strings, and Other Data Types

Anonymous Functions

Passing Functions as Arguments to Commands

Strings

Cell Arrays and Structures

Advanced Topic: Data Types and Classes

Graphics

Two-Dimensional Graphics

Three-Dimensional Graphics

Advanced Topic: Commands

Advanced Topic: Handles and Properties

Advanced Topic: GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces)

Solving Linear Systems of Equations

Square Linear Systems

Catastrophic Round-O_ Errors

Overdetermined and Underdetermined Linear Systems

File Input-Output

Some Useful Linear Algebra Commands

AIT 623 DATA MINING – JAVA/ORACLE 3 (2+1)

Unit I : Introduction

An Overview of data warehousing and data mining

Unit II : A Multi-dimensional data model

Multi-dimensional Data Cubes

Star, Star Flakes, & Fact Constellation Schema

Concept Hierarchies

OLAP

Unit III : Data Warehouse Architecture

Steps for design and construction of data warehouse

A 3-tier data warehouse architecture

ROLAP, MOLAP, HOLAP.

Unit IV : Data Pre-Processing

Overview, Need for pre-processing

Issues related to efficient data handling (Extraction, Transformation, And updating of large databases (ADDED)

Data Cleaning

Data Integration & Transformation

Data Reduction

Discretization & Concept Hierarchy Generation

Unit V : Data Warehouse Implementation

Efficient Computation of Data Cubes

Indexing OLAP Data

Efficient Processing of OLAP Queries

Metadata

Data warehouse Backend Tools & Utilities

Unit VI : Data mining Primitives, Language, & System Architecture

What defines a data mining task?

A data mining Query Language

Architecture of a Data mining System

Unit VII : Concept Description: Characterization & Comparison

An Overview

Data Generalization & Summarization-Based Characterization

Analytical Characterization: Analysis & Attribute Relevance

Mining Class Comparisons

Mining Descriptive Statistical Measures

Concept Description & Its Mining

Unit VIII : Mining Association Rules

Basic Concepts, Market Basket Analysis

Mining single-dimensional Boolean Association Rules from transactional database

Mining Multi-level Association Rules from transaction database

Mining multi-dimensional association rules from relational databases and data warehouses.

From Association Mining To correlation analysis

Unit IX : Classification & prediction

An Overview & Basic Concepts

Classification by decision tree induction

Bayesian Classification

Classification By Back Propagation

Classification Based on concepts from Association Rules Mining

Other methods, such as Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy Set Approach, Case Based Reasoning, Etc.

Prediction

Classifier Accuracy

Unit X : Time series analysis

Trend analysis

Forecasting

Smoothing techniques

Cyclical variation

Seasonal variation

Uses of seasonal index

Irregular variation

Text Book

Data mining: concepts and techniques by Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber

Reference Book

Principles of data mining by D. J. Hand, Heikki Mannila, Padhraic Smyth

AGRI 619 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE 3 (2+1)

Unit I Introduction to Weather and Climate

Unit II Global Climatology

Unit III Observational Techniques

Unit IV Satellite Meteorology

Unit V Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere

AIT 624 MOBILE COMPUTING 3 (2+1)

applications with UML and XML”, ISBN: 0521817331, Cambridge University Press,

October2004,
2) Adelstein, Frank, Gupta, Sandeep KS, Richard III, Golden , Schwiebert, Loren,

“Fundamentals of Mobile and Pervasive Computing”, ISBN: 0071412379, McGraw-Hill

Professional, 2005.
3) Hansmann, Merk, Nicklous, Stober, “Principles of Mobile Computing”, Springer, second

edition, 2003.
4) Martyn Mallick, “Mobile and Wireless Design Essentials”, Wiley DreamTech, 2003

SEMESTER - VII

AIT 725 OPERATING SYSTEM WITH UNIX/LINUX 3(2+1)

Unit I

Introduction, Role of an OS computer system, types of operating system.

Operating system structures ,System documents, OS services, system calls, system structure, concept of virtual machines.

Unit II

Process management

Process concept, process scheduling, cooperating processes, Inter process communication.

CPU scheduling

Basic concept, scheduling criteria, scheduling algorithms.

Unit III

Process synchronization

Critical section problem, synchronization hardware,semaphores, classical problems of

synchronization, critical regions, monitors.

Deadlocks

Deadlock characteristics, methods for handling deadlocks,deadlock prevention, deadlock

avoidance, deadlock detection, recovery from deadlocks, combined approach for deadlock

handling.

Unit IV

Memory Management

Logical versus Physical Address space, Swapping, Contiguous Allocation, Paging, Segmentation,

Segmentation with Paging

Virtual Memory

Demand Paging, Performance of Demand Paging, Page Replacement, Page-replacement

algorithms, Allocation of frames, Thrashing, Other Considerations, Demand segmentation

File-System Interface

File concept, Access methods, Directory Structure, Protection, Consistency

File-System Implementation

File-System Structure, allocation methods, Free-space Management, Directory Implementation,

Efficiency and performance

Unit V

I/O subsystems

I/O Hardware, Application I/O interface

Protection

Goals of protection, domain of protection, access matrix, implementation of access matrix,

revocation of access rights, capability based systems, languages based protection.

Security

The problem, authentication, one-time password program threats, system threats, threat

monitoring, encryption, computer security classification.

Case studies (UNIX, LINUX, WinNT)

Text Book

Operating System Concept : Silbertschatz, Galvin, 5ed.Addison Wesley.

Reference books

1. Operating system Concepts : Milan Malinkovic, TMH, 2nd ed.

2. Operating System : William Stallings, PHI, 2nd ed.

Practicals

Study of UNIX commands with all their important options
Program maintenance using make utility.
Study system calls related to process & process control
Study system calls related to file operations
Study of functions related to threads (POSIX)
Inter process communication (POSIX-IPC) using pipe
Inter process communication (POSIX-IPC) using shared memory
Study system calls related to semaphore
Simulation of deadlock handling algorithm: Banker’s algorithm
Simulation of Memory management algorithm: LRU page replacement algorithm

AIT 726 NETWORK SECURITY 3(2+1)

Unit I

Introduction to E-Commerce

Introduction to E-Commerce, Transactions on E-Commerce, Requirements of Security on ECommerce.

E-Commerce Terminology, Framework, Payment Scheme etc.

Concept of terms related to commerce in general & E-commerce in particular Buyer seller market.

Framework of B2B, B2C, C2C, E-Com models.

Security policy and security overview

Unit II

Conventional Encryption Techniques

Introduction, Basic encryption techniques, simplified DES, block cipher mode of operation, traffic

confidentiality and key distribution, Random Number Generation.

Public Key Cryptography

RSA algorithm, Key management, Elliptic Curve Cryptography,

Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange

Unit III

Message Authentication and Hash Functions

Authentication requirement, Functions, Message Authentication

Code (MAC), Hash Functions(SHA-1), Digital signature standard DSS).

Network Security

Authentication Protocols Like Kerberos, X.509 Directory Authentication Services.

Unit IV

IP security E-Mail Security

IP security overview, architecture, authentication header, Encapsulation security payload,

S/Mime, Web security, Firewall.

Safe Electronic commerce

Secure transport protocol, secure E-payment protocol, secure electronic transaction.

Text Books

1. Cryptography and Network Principles and Practice by Wiliam Stallings, Pearson Edu. 2003

2. Web Commerce Technology Handbook by Daniel Minoli and Emma Minoli, TMH (1999)

Reference Books

1. E-commerce : Business, Technology, Society by Pearson Edu. Asia

2. E-Commerce : A managerial Perspective by Samantha Shurety P

Practicals

Write program for Mono alphabetic cipher
Implementation of Vigenere cipher (Polyalphabetic substitution)
Implementation of Hill cipher
Implementation of Rail Fence cipher
Implementation of S-DES algorithm for data encryption
Implement RSA asymmetric (public key and private key)-Encryption. Encryption key (e, n) & (d, n)
Generate digital signature using Hash code
Generate digital signature using MAC code

AIT 727 ANDROID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT 3(2+1)

Unit I

Introduction to Android

History of Mobile Software Development, The Open Handset Alliance, The Android Platform, Android SDK, Building a sample Android application

Unit II

Android Application Design Essentials

Working with different types of resources

Unit III

Android User Interface Design Essentials

User Interface Screen elements, Designing User Interfaces with Layouts, Drawing and Working with Animation

Unit IV

Using Common Android APIs

Unit V

Deploying Android Application to the World

Selling your Android application

Text Book

Lauren Darcey and Shane Conder, “Android Wireless Application Development”, Pearson

Education, 2nd ed. (2011)

Reference Books

1. Reto Meier, “Professional Android 2 Application Development”, Wiley India Pvt Ltd (2011)

2. Mark L Murphy, “Beginning Android”, Wiley India Pvt Ltd(2009)

3. Sayed Y Hashimi and Satya Komatineni, “Pro Android”, Wiley India Pvt Ltd(2009)

Practicals

Hello, Android
Creating Applications and Activities
Creating User Interfaces
Intents, Broadcast Receivers, Adapters, and the Internet
Data Storage, Retrieval, and Sharing
Maps, Geocoding, and Location-Based Services
Working in the Background
Peer-to-Peer Communication

AIT 728 WEB SITE DEVELOPMENT USING JAVASCRIPT AND PHP 3(2+1)

Unit I

JavaScript

Basics of JavaScript, Variables, Operators, Control structure, Dialog Boxes

Creating arrays, Navigating arrays, User defined function, Function arguments and return values

Basic of Object, Document Object, Window Object, String Object, Math Object, Date Object

Form Elements Objects Property and Event: Text, Password, Hidden, Checkbox, Radio, Reset, Submit, Select, Textarea

Unit II

Fundamentals of PHP

Unit III

Working with forms, Built-in Functions, File Handling, Saving State

Global and environmental variable, Accessing input from various elements of form, Get and Post method

Built-in Functions: Introduction to string and String functions, Variable related Functions, Array Related Functions, Math Functions, Date & Time Functions, Miscellaneous Functions

File manipulation: Testing files, Opening files, closing files, Reading a file, writing to a file

Saving state in PHP: Setting a cookie, Deleting a cookie, Creating session cookie, Session function, Session variables

Unit IV

PHP and MySQL databases

Database concept, Database connection, Creating tables, Getting information on database, Inserting data to a table, Retrieving data from a table, Changing data of a table, Deleting data from a table

Unit V

AJAX

Introduction of AJAX, XMLHttpRequest Object Properties, XMLHttpRequest Object Methods

Advance PHP

Text Book

Beginning PHP and MySQL By W. Jason Gilmore

Reference Books

HTML DHTML JavaScript and Perl CGI By Ivan Bayross
Pure JavaScript By Jason Gilliam, Charlton Ting, R. Allen Wyke
Beginning AJAX with PHP By Lee Babin

Practicals

Write simple JavaScript using variable, conditional and looping statements.
Write a JavaScript using Form Element such as Textbox, button, radio, checkbox and select.
Write a JavaScript to validate a textbox for accept only alphabet and number.
Write a JavaScript to check all compulsory fields are fill or not before form submission.
Write a JavaScript to open a file in new window, same window and auto refresh
Write a JavaScript code to display clock in web browser.
Write a PHP code to read form submitted data using GET and POST method.
Write a PHP code using Form Element such as Textbox, button, radio, checkbox and select.
Write a PHP code to read & write file content.
Write a PHP code to store user selected font, color and style in cookie variable. When user revisit the web page than content display in selected font, color and style.
Write a PHP code to read and write Session Variable.
Write a PHP code to display, add, update and delete operation for MySQL table.
Write a PHP code for User Authentication. If user is Authenticated user then display welcome page else display same page with “Invalid User name and Password” message. Username and Password available in USERLIST table.
Write a AJAX code with PHP to display information in SPAN area.
Write a AJAX code with PHP to fill combo box.

AGRI 720 ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT 2(1+1)

Reference Books

1.Entrepreneurship Development in India – by C. B. Gupta and N. P. Srinivasan

2.Entrepreneurial Development – by S. S. Khanka. S. Chand Company Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi

Text book of Project Management – by P. Gopalkrishnan and V. E. Ramamoorthy. McMillin Publishers India Ltd. New Delhi

Practicals

1, 2 & 3 Exercise on Project – identification, preparation, management, implementation and evaluation

4 & 5 Identification of emerging enterprises in agricultural sector

6 Exercise on preparation of balance sheet

Exercise on cost benefit analysis

8, 9 & 10 Visit to two public sector enterprises to analyze and draw lessons

11 & 12 Visit to two private sector enterprises to analyze and draw lessons

13 & 14 Preparation of individual business plan

15 & 16 Presentation of enterprise and business plans

AGRI 721 AGRICULTURAL FINANCE AND CO-OPERATION 2(1+1)

Reference Books

Agricultural Finance and Management – by S. S. Subbareddy and P. Raghuram
Agricultural Economics – by S. Subbareddy et al. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

Practicals

AGRI 722 INTRODUCTION TO SAS 3(2+1)

Unit I

Getting Started Using SAS Software

Getting Your Data into SAS

Unit II

Working with Your Data

Unit III

Sorting, Printing, and Summarizing Your Data

Using SAS Procedures, WHERE Statement, PROC SORT, PROC PRINT, PROC FORMAT, PROC MEANS, PROC FREQ, PROC TABULATE, PROC REPORT

Unit IV

Modifying and Combining SAS Data Sets

SET Statement, One-to-One Match Merge, One-to-Many Match Merge, OUTPUT Statement

Tracking and Selecting Observations with the IN= Option, Selecting Observations with the WHERE= Option, Changing Observations to Variables Using PROC TRANSPOSE

Unit V

Using Basic Graphical and Statistical Procedures

Text Book

Delwiche, L. D. and S. J. Slaughter. “The Little SAS Book: A Primer.” 4th ed., SAS Institute Inc., 2008.

Reference Books

Online seminars and classes offered by UCLA: http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/seminars/

Data analysis with SAS

Cody, R. “Learning SAS by Example: A Programmer’s Guide.” SAS Institute Inc., 2007.
Cody, R. P. and J. K. Smith. “Applied Statistics and the SAS Programming Language.” 5th ed.,Prentice Hall Inc., 2005.
Econometrics with SAS: Ajmani, Vivek. Applied Econometrics Using the SAS System, Wiley-Interscience, 2009.

Practicals

Proc sort
Proc ptint
Proc format
Proc means
Proc freq
Proc tabulate
Proc report
Proc sgplot
Proc corr
Proc reg
Proc anova
T-test
Z-test
Chi-square test

Search

Unit Menu

AAU AT A GLANCE

Latest News

Information Desk

College of Agricultural Information Technology, Anand

Semester wise course break-up

Unit II Distributions and Sampling Theory

Unit I LISTENING

Unit II SPEAKING

Unit III READING

Unit IV WRITING

PRACTICAL

·Listening – Principles, Kinds and Process - Barriers to Listening – Study

Unit I Basic principles of Horticulture and propagation techniques

Unit II Production methods and cropping systems

Unit III Cultural hints and Protected cultivation for horticultural crops

Unit IV Preharvest, harvest and post harvest management

Unit V Floral art, landscape gardening and turf management

PRACTICAL

Unit I History of e-commerce, definition, classification- B2B, B2C, C2C, G2C, B2G sites, e-commerce in education, financial, auction, news, entertainment sectors, Doing eCommerce.

Unit II Electronic payment systems – credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, e-credit accounts, e-money, security concerns in e commerce, authenticity, privacy, integrity, non-repudiation, encryption, secret key cryptography, public key cryptography, SET, SSL, digital signatures, firewalls.

Unit III Marketing on the web, marketing strategies, creating web presence, advertising, customer service and support, web branding strategies, web selling models

Unit IV M-commerce; case study of two internationally successful e-commerce web sites and two Kerala-based e-commerce web sites; IT act (India) and e-commerce.

Unit 2 Classification of Parallel Computers

Unit 3 Interconnection Network

Unit 4 Parallel Computer Architecture

Unit 5 Recent Trends for Parallel Computer

Soil and plant sensors, remote sensing, innovative field experimentation.

Unit 4

Crops and climate change: progress, trends, and challenges in simulating impacts and informing adaptation

Unit 5

Large-area crop modelling

AGRI 720 ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT 2(1+1)

1.Entrepreneurship Development in India – by C. B. Gupta and N. P. Srinivasan

2.Entrepreneurial Development – by S. S. Khanka. S. Chand Company Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi

Practicals

Unit II Distributions and Sampling Theory

Unit I LISTENING

Unit II SPEAKING

Unit III READING

Unit IV WRITING

PRACTICAL

·Listening – Principles, Kinds and Process - Barriers to Listening – Study

Unit I Basic principles of Horticulture and propagation techniques

Unit II Production methods and cropping systems

Unit III Cultural hints and Protected cultivation for horticultural crops

Unit IV Preharvest, harvest and post harvest management

Unit V Floral art, landscape gardening and turf management

PRACTICAL

Unit I History of e-commerce, definition, classification- B2B, B2C, C2C, G2C, B2G sites, e-commerce in education, financial, auction, news, entertainment sectors, Doing eCommerce.

Unit II Electronic payment systems – credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, e-credit accounts, e-money, security concerns in e commerce, authenticity, privacy, integrity, non-repudiation, encryption, secret key cryptography, public key cryptography, SET, SSL, digital signatures, firewalls.

Unit III Marketing on the web, marketing strategies, creating web presence, advertising, customer service and support, web branding strategies, web selling models

Unit IV M-commerce; case study of two internationally successful e-commerce web sites and two Kerala-based e-commerce web sites; IT act (India) and e-commerce.

Unit 2 Classification of Parallel Computers

Unit 3 Interconnection Network

Unit 4 Parallel Computer Architecture

Unit 5 Recent Trends for Parallel Computer

Soil and plant sensors, remote sensing, innovative field experimentation.

Unit 4

Crops and climate change: progress, trends, and challenges in simulating impacts and informing adaptation

Unit 5

Large-area crop modelling

AGRI 720 ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT 2(1+1)

1.Entrepreneurship Development in India – by C. B. Gupta and N. P. Srinivasan

2.Entrepreneurial Development – by S. S. Khanka. S. Chand Company Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi

Practicals

Unit I
History of e-commerce, definition, classification- B2B, B2C, C2C, G2C, B2G sites, e-commerce in education, financial, auction, news, entertainment sectors, Doing eCommerce.

Unit II
Electronic payment systems – credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, e-credit accounts, e-money, security concerns in e commerce, authenticity, privacy, integrity, non-repudiation, encryption, secret key cryptography, public key cryptography, SET, SSL, digital signatures, firewalls.

Unit III
Marketing on the web, marketing strategies, creating web presence, advertising, customer service and support, web branding strategies, web selling models

Unit IV
M-commerce; case study of two internationally successful e-commerce web sites and two Kerala-based e-commerce web sites; IT act (India) and e-commerce.

Unit I
History of e-commerce, definition, classification- B2B, B2C, C2C, G2C, B2G sites, e-commerce in education, financial, auction, news, entertainment sectors, Doing eCommerce.

Unit II
Electronic payment systems – credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, e-credit accounts, e-money, security concerns in e commerce, authenticity, privacy, integrity, non-repudiation, encryption, secret key cryptography, public key cryptography, SET, SSL, digital signatures, firewalls.

Unit III
Marketing on the web, marketing strategies, creating web presence, advertising, customer service and support, web branding strategies, web selling models

Unit IV
M-commerce; case study of two internationally successful e-commerce web sites and two Kerala-based e-commerce web sites; IT act (India) and e-commerce.